2026-07-28T15:41:18Z https://glsrjournal.com/oai/?metadataPrefix=oai_dc&verb=ListRecords

oai:glsrjournal.com:393156 2016-12-30 glsr

Pakistan's Journey to Civilian Rule (1958-70): An Analysis of Ayub Era Adil Khan Manzoor Ahmad Abdul Waheed Pakistan Authoritarianism Military Political Parties Civilian Rule Pakistan, since its inception, has passed through several phases of transitions to civilian rule and authoritarian reversals. Similar to the pattern of transition between civilian rule and dictatorship, there is a pattern of change within authoritarian Regimes that could be observed in all the three experiences of transition in Pakistan. This paper identifies the pattern of change from military dictatorship to civilian rule from 1958 to 1970. The key questions addressed in this paper are: firstly, how the military regime consolidated its grip on power after the October 1958 coup? Secondly, how early cracks appeared in the military's control over power and matured with the passage of time, resulting in a national crisis? Thirdly, how failure in crises management led to the transition to civilian rule, as well as, the disintegration of the state. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/pakistan-journey-to-civilian-rule-195870-an-analysis-of-ayub-era https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2016(I-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393157 2017-12-30 glsr

Basic Principles Committee Reports: An Uneven Journey towards Constitutionalism in Pakistan Muhammad Rizwan Manzoor Ahmad Usha Rehman Constitutionalism Pakistan Basic Principles Committee The First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan framed a number of committees in order to run the state affair; however, the Basic Principles Committee was one of the most important bodies that were assigned to prepare a draft for the future constitution of Pakistan. The main objective of the committee was to suggest the directive principle of the state policy. This 24-member committee submitted its first interim report on 28 September 1950 that suggested a federal configuration for Pakistan and the incorporation of the Objective Resolution in the upcoming constitution. However, when this report was presented, it criticized by the majority political parties of the Eastern Wing who were demanding more representation in the legislature and the declaration of Bengali as the national language of Pakistan. In order to satisfy the demands of the stakeholders, another report was presented by the then Prime Minister Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din in 1952 with some changes in it. The committee suggested equal representation for both wings, but this time the report was rejected by the Panjabi elites. Finally, Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra presented a modified formula according to which contrary to the representation in Lower House the Upper House was weighted so as to secure parity between East and West wings of the country. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. LLM Scholar, Department of Law, AWKUM Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/basic-principles-committee-reports-an-uneven-journey-towards-constitutionalism-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2017(II-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393158 2018-12-30 glsr

Constitutional Dilemma of Pakistan: 1947 -1956 Muhammad Rizwan Manzoor Ahmad Syed Asif Anwar Bukhari Constitution Federation Judiciary Human Rights Legislature Executive Cabinet Minority Rights Democracy Soon after its creation, Pakistan confronted many issues including refugee problem, scarcity of able political leadership, absence of mutual consensus between both wings of the country and confusing nature of the relationship between Islam and state etc. took almost nine years to frame the permanent constitution for Pakistan. Constitution, the basic document of a state, determines the shape of its laws, structure of governance and system of rights and duties. The effectiveness of a constitution is judged by its practicability in the given area where it is enforced by the state machinery. Although, all civilized states of the world do possess a constitution, yet a good constitution is one which must protect the basic human rights by ensuring the independence of judiciary. Due to countless hurdles at the beginning of its journey, Pakistan's constitutional development in the right direction could not take place. The main objective of the present study is to provide deep insight into the events and factors causing a delay in the constitution-making for the newly created state of Pakistan. The various events which took place from 1947 to 1956 have been analyzed in a subtle way. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/constitutional-dilemma-of-pakistan-1947-1956 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2018(III-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393159 2018-12-30 glsr

Institutional Analysis of Water Governance in Pakistan Muhammad Ali Suneel Kumar Pasand Ali Khoso Institutional Analysis Water Governance Pakistan Pakistan is said to be at the brink of being a water-scarce country current per capita water availability is 1090 m3 per year. This point to the water governance issues in Pakistan. Given these problems, a debate among scholars and policymakers is what governance model should Pakistan adopt to manage its water resources effectively. A few of them are a proponent of privatization of water, while others argue that traditional warabandi can still be an effective way to manage the water if certain loopholes in the system can be addressed. In this paper, we discuss both models and analysis with institutional theories of (water) property rights and relations, state authority, and neoliberalism to analyze the pros and cons of both models. In conclusion, we enlist the problems that persist in both models and provide recommendations for better governance of water in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Sociology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/institutional-analysis-of-water-governance-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2018(III-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393160 2019-12-30 glsr

The Just War Theory and Human Rights Violations: What Does International Law Tell? Asghar Ali Nazim Rahim Syed Mussawar Hussain Bukhari Just War Jus ad Bellum Jus in Bello. International Law International Humanitarian Law. War and Peace are the two important topics of international law. Both the terms, despite polar apart in their nature are the subject matter of international law. As war is inevitable and cannot be reduced to zero; hence, international law tries to lay rules for the justification of war and its conduct. However, a just war becomes unjust when it causes disproportional civilian casualties. Humans become the target of war, whether just or unjust. On one hand, the UN Charter gives equal rights to all the humans without any discrimination and on the other hand, it considers the declaration of a just war as a prerogative of the UN Security Council only. However, states take unilateral actions and violate both the principle of proportionality and fundamental human rights. This analytical study discusses the Just War Theory and its impacts on fundamental human rights, in light of the international humanitarian law Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Political Science, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-just-war-theory-and-human-rights-violations-what-does-international-law-tell https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2019(IV-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393161 2019-12-30 glsr

Demographic Changes in Kashmir: A Perspective of International Law Muhammad Khan Sidra Khan International Law Fourth Geneva Convention Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) India Pakistan United Nations Kashmir and Demographic Changes International disputes are always dealt with under the provisions of international law. Kashmir is an international issue, which needs to be resolved under the ambit of international law. The Fourth Geneva Convention-1949 provides a strong basis for addressing the legal basis of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute. As an international dispute, Kashmiri warrants the application of international law for its logical resolution. Unfortunately, notwithstanding UNSC resolutions, India unilaterally and illegally changed the status of occupied Jammu and Kashmir from a state to the union territories through Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act-2019. Later through a number of amendments, Adaptation of State Laws in April 2020, India brought changes in dozens of local state laws, meant to bring changes in the existing demography of the state. This research focuses on the changes India has engineered in the new domicile laws of Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) to change the demography of the state. The paper also focuses on the legal position of these changes in IIOJK from the perspective of International Law and the Fourth Geneva Convention. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, School of Politics and IR, Quaid-e-Azam University-Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/demographic-changes-in-kashmir-a-perspective-of-international-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2019(IV-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393162 2020-03-30 glsr

Military Courts: Credibility and Capacity Implications for Superior Judiciary of Pakistan Muhammad Haroon Khan Najib Ullah Nazim Rahim Military Courts procedure Supreme Court Peshawar High Court. Pakistan is going through turmoil of terrorism. The State is doing what it can to eradicate this menace and in so doing established Field General Court Martial commonly known as Military Courts in wake of barbaric attack on Army Public School in December 2014. However, it is not the solution to the long standing problem motivated and nurtured by various factors like political, religious etc. Instead drastic changes are required to amend and update the existing criminal justice system including legal framework, training for judges, prosecutions, protection of witnesses as well as prosecution/defense. This will pave a way for reforms and improve security situation in Pakistan instead of challenging the credibility and capacity of the superior judiciary. In this way, violence can be countered by respecting Fundamental Rights and following due process of law. Also this will enable the state institutes to cooperate in a better way Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/Military-Courts-Credibility-and-Capacity-Implications-for-Superior-Judiciary-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393163 2020-03-30 glsr

From Pulwama to Indian Revocation of Article 370 in Indian Held Kashmir: Policy implications on the Geopolitics of South Asia Shumaila Farooq Saima Gul Security Dilemma Security Paradox Indian Held Kashmir Bhartia Janata Party US Commission on International Religious Freedom Ever since India and Pakistan entered into a conflict that commenced with Pulwama attacks, the following incidents have grabbed the geopolitical situation of South Asia into odds. The region has indulged in a security dilemma so much with the possibility of a nuclear war break out between the two nuclear neighbors. The Kashmir issue is a conventional issue between India and Pakistan since independence, but due to jingoistic opinions, news analysis, and perceptive political figures, the issue is overshadowed and grabbed into rhetoric supported by aggressive claims and biased connotations. At present, the Kashmir issue has been treated in the same fashion instead of understanding the issue from a systematic perspective. The policymakers, military establishment and regional and International media are debating with possible repercussions of a devastating nuclear breakout in the region. This article entails different scenarios that are through a series of domestic pressures that followed the Pulwama incident, showing a spilling effect in the South Asian region. While understanding the parameters of the theory of security dilemma mostly reflected through inter-state relations, this article draws attention to an area where security dilemma is examined through domestic politics and how it has driven responsible factors for bringing South Asia to a dangerous situation. The article then contemplates recommendations for Pakistani policymakers for multilevel diplomacy, activating diasporas at the international level and consistent media coverage over the Kashmir issue. Humanity Publications Director of Media,Department of Media,Engineering University, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/From-Pulwama-to-Indian-Revocation-of-Article-370-in-Indian-Held-Kashmir-Policy-implications-on-the-Geopolitics-of-South-Asia https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393164 2020-03-30 glsr

Shedding Light on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Tribunal Tanzeel Ur Rahman Ijaz Khalid Saddam Hussain Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tribunal Environmental Protection Peshawar Provision. This paper investigate the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan Environmental Protection Tribunal under the provisions of "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act, 2014", its judicial implementation and effective working in the province. The study also focus on the newly established Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Tribunal. Humans have a very close relation with nature and environment around them. Minute changes in the environment lead towards different diseases. Environmental pollution is of many kinds and includes all those things which become a factor in disturbing the original state of nature. The study found the factors affecting nature in the province and reasons behind continuous violations of environmental laws in the light of previous judgments and case laws of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Tribunal. It further came to the conclusion that the efforts of provincial government in the field of environmental protection and at the end recommendations and suggestions to improve the system. Humanity Publications LLM Scholar, Judiciary, AWKUM, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Demonstrator, AWKUM, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. LLM Scholar, Department of Law, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/Shedding-Light-on-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Environmental-Protection-Tribunal https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393165 2020-03-30 glsr

The State of Judicial Review in 1973 Constitution of Pakistan Khan Faqir Imtiaz Ali Judicial Review 1973 Constitution Executive Judiciary Legislature. The aim of this paper is to highlight the power of judicial review in the 1973 constitution of Pakistan. The three organ of the government the executive, judiciary and legislature are working in such a way that each organ is functioning in its sphere. The functions and activities may not be disturbed by each other. There is a mechanism in the 1973 constitution of Pakistan of judicial review. In this way the judiciary has some check on the other branches of the government. Under the 1973 constitution, the judiciary has certain powers to control the executive and legislative branches of the government. In this way judiciary is playing a key role in Pakistan. The paper is an attempt to highlight the process of judicial review in the 1973 constitution of Pakistan and its role in constitutional history in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD. Scholar, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/The-State-of-Judicial-Review-in-1973-Constitution-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393166 2020-03-30 glsr

Delay in Justice is an Indicator in the Promotion of Terrorism: A Case Study of Swat Hashmat Ali Nazim Rahim Aziz Ur Rehman Justice Merger TNSM TTP terrorism Taliban. The pre-merger judicial system of Swat was famous for speedy justice. Even death cases were solved in days. The people of Swat expected the same judicial system from Pakistan. Civil as well as criminal cases take long time for decision with no guarantee of fairness. Maulana Sufi Muhammad raised voice for Islamic Sharia for the first time in 1990. For the sake of Islam and speedy justice the common illiterate people of Swat supported the movement of Sufi Muhammad called TNSM. It was banned after accepting some of their demands. In 2004 another movement named TTP Swat faction appeared and got control of most of the areas of Swatin a short span of time. The clerics of TTP preached their own version of Islam on FM channels and loud speakers. Imposition of Islamic laws and speedy justice were the main points of their agenda which inspired the common people of Swat and Malakand region. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/Delay-in-Justice-is-an-Indicator-in-the-Promotion-of-Terrorism-A-Case-Study-of-Swat https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393167 2020-06-30 glsr

The Application of Legal Maxim "King Can Do No Wrong" In the Constitutional Law of UK & USA: An Analytical Study Salman Farooq Musab Yousufi Immunity Sovereign Immunity Presidential Immunity King can do no Wrong Rex Non Potest Peccare. The legal maxim "King can do no wrong" was in full force in the English constitutional law ever since the emergence of British Empire. The doctrine provided absolute immunity to the Crown. The king started losing his absolute prerogatives, in centuries long battle for power among the Crown and lord businessmen, which eventually resulted in the concept of liable government in the UK in the shape of the crown proceedings act 1947. On the contrary the US constitutional law is silent about the presidential immunity, following the maxim "no one, even the government is above the law". However, the US Supreme Court is expanding the application of this doctrine by granting the immunity to the president in cases where his act falls within the constitutionally assigned duties along with negating it in cases where the act of president falls outside the outer perimeters of his constitutionally assigned duties. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Faculty of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-application-of-legal-maxim-king-can-do-no-wrong-in-the-constitutional-law-of-uk-amp-usa-an-analytical-study- https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393168 2020-06-30 glsr

The Yemen Armed Conflict in the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law Muhammad Khan Zakir Ullah Yemen Conflict Worst Humanitarian crisis Regional Intervention Saudi-led Coalition International Humanitarian law Human Rights Violation Political Upheaval Since the Arab Spring, Yemen became the center of worst humanitarian crisis in modern history. This paper investigates the fundamental causes of the current conflict in Yemen and also explicates the legal dimension of International humanitarian law. Political marginalization, social disenfranchisement, economic collapse, the failure of the Yemeni government to address and resolve the socioeconomic frustration of ordinary citizens and corrupt leaders are few reasons which led to the brutal civil war in Yemen. This systematic failure of government and intervention of regional players for their dominance and ascendency created political uprising, violence, and institutional collapse. Thousands of civilians have died, millions of people had been displaced and millions are on the brink of starvation. Several solutions were proposed by introducing the federal system, decentralization of state's power, improving basic infrastructure, negotiations with Houthis but none of these reforms implemented properly. This paper also scrutinized the intervention of regional actors in this ferocious conflict and how regional and international actors violated International Humanitarian law. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-yemen-armed-conflict-in-the-perspective-of-international-humanitarian-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393169 2020-09-30 glsr

Constitutional Amendments in PPP's Government (2008-2013): Role of the Parliamentary Opposition Muhammad Adil Manzoor Khan Afridi Constitutional Amendments Debate Opposition Benches Parliament Treasury Benches The research paper investigates the role of the Parliamentary opposition in the constitutional amendments adopted during PPP's government (2018-2013). The role of the classic or loyal opposition is that it offers different alternatives against government policies. It not only opposes the government policies but also maintained political competition by forwarding its own policies. It does not make any obstruction in the way of the government, however, presented its own alternatives in the constitutional limit. Therefore, the opposition during PPP's government was also classic or loyal opposition. It did not make hurdles for the government to pass these constitutional amendments, nonetheless, presented its own alternatives and amendments in eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth constitutional amendment bills. Almost, all the opposition parties have participated in the debate in the National Assembly as well as Senate, and have presented their amendments and suggestions in these constitutional amendments. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor/HOD, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/constitutional-amendments-in-ppps-government-20082013-role-of-the-parliamentary-opposition https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393170 2020-09-30 glsr

The Nature and Philosophy of Sovereignty: A Comparative Analysis of Western and Islamic Notions of Sovereignty Bakht Munir Jawwad Riaz Ali Nawaz Khan Sovereignty Islamic and Western Concept of Sovereignty Legal Exposition of Sovereignty Sovereignty is one of the most appreciated attributes of a political system. However, there are certain issues to which political thinkers share competing views: the original presenters of the concept of sovereignty, how the concept of sovereignty evolved, how a sovereign represents the will of people, and what are the common and differentiating features of sovereignty between the western and the Islamic political thinkers. With qualitative research methodology, this work aimed to investigate historical roots of sovereignty and it explicated by whom the legal exposition of sovereignty was initially given. The research at hand critically investigated the notion of sovereignty and highlighted the contribution of western and Islamic philosophers in the conceptualization of the idea of sovereignty and its relation with other attributes such as government and democracy are comparatively examined Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-nature-and-philosophy-of-sovereignty-a-comparative-analysis-of-western https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393171 2020-09-30 glsr

Right to Health of Female Prisoners: A Critical Analysis of KP Prison Act in the Light of International Human Rights Law Sana Zakir Muhammad Aqeel Khan Sumayya Feroz KP Prison Act 1894 Mandela and Bangkok Rules Violations Reforms and limited Resources. The paper explores the study of female prisoners who are facing multiple issues regarding health by taking into consideration the rights given to them under international law and how far those rights are available to them within local laws. The miserable conditions of prisoners around the world need no elaborations, particularly in less developed countries are taken into account; it speaks volumes of human right violations. Reviews on the conditions of female prisoners across the globe and how incarceration affects their health is being discussed with special reference to Mandela and Bangkok Rules passed by the United Nations. The study addresses an understanding of whether the available legislative framework in the form of KP prison Act 1894 in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa safeguards the rights of access to health care for female prisoners or not. In the end, various suggestions and strategies are given to make a step forward in resolving this issue. Humanity Publications LLM scholar, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/right-to-health-of-female-prisoners-a-critical-analysis-of-kp-prison-act-in-the-light-of-international-human-rights-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393172 2020-09-30 glsr

A Review on the Criminal Justice System: Understanding its Structural Components and Process in Pakistan Khalil Ur Rahman Ziaullah Khan Tariq Anwar Khan Justice Fundamental Contemporary Police Component Criminal justice system is fundamental to the cause of establishing a peaceful and nonviolent society; therefore, it is pertinent to understand criminal justice procedure in detail. This study was planned to know the procedure, structure and various parts involving in the criminal justice system. A secondary method of study was adopted by reviewing academic articles and books in order to review the criminal justice system. The article presents definitions of the criminal justice system, its components and also presents a detailed account of each component. Besides, the role and functions of different components including police, court procedures, and role of judges, bail process and correctional institutions were reviewed. It is concluded that criminal justice system has evolved and still evolving in the contemporary world including Pakistan and its complex elements may be made understandable to the common citizens while looking at the changing needs and problems in various times and spaces. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-review-on-the-criminal-justice-system-understanding-its-structural-components-and-process-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393173 2020-09-30 glsr

The Workable Modalities of Online Dispute Resolution in Pakistan Khushbakht Qaiser Zarfishan Qaiser Usman Hameed Online Dispute Resolution Globalization Commercial Transactions Trends Trade Pakistan The article is an in-depth study of the online trade and online dispute resolution and instances which keep Pakistan's judiciary's unwillingness in assimilating this entity into its judicial system. It will also highlight the use of electronic-mediation (e-mediation) and electronic-arbitration (e-arbitration) and their relationships with online trade. Additionally, this article examines the preliminary aspects of online dispute resolution (ODR), the international trends and practices and the current status of legislation in Pakistan. It highlights the implementation of an advanced technological system for redressal of consumer grievances, which has become the latest trend through the world. Certain precedents will also substantiate the purpose of the article and lastly some recommendations about the lessons which can be learnt by Pakistan, from successful experiences related to online trade dispute resolution mechanisms. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, School of Law and Policy, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-workable-modalities-of-online-dispute-resolution-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393174 2020-09-30 glsr

Registration Laws of Housing Developers: A Major Obstacle in Achieving the Goal of Housing for All in Pakistan Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig Hafiz Muhammad Usman Nawaz Rao Qasim Idrees Companies Act 2017 Cooperative Housing Societies Housing for All Registration Laws Among other housing developers, the major housing developers are private housing companies and cooperative housing societies, these housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all, but unfortunately, these two have been used to do massive corruption in the housing industry of Pakistan. The major reason is that the legal framework, which is meant to regulate the housing developers, has become an instrument at the hands of housing developers of the housing to commit corruption in the housing industry. These housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all if some suitable amendments are introduced, and the legal framework is strengthened Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Shariah & Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/registration-laws-of-housing-developers-a-major-obstacle-in-achieving-the-goal-of-housing-for-all-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393175 2020-09-30 glsr

Imprisonment for Non-Payment of Diyat: A Critical Analysis of Two Leading Cases Sadia Tabassum Bakht Munir Ataullah Khan Mahmood Diyat Arsh Daman Imprisonment Payment This research article aimed to examine a leading case regarding imprisonment for non-payment of Diyat, Arsh or Daman and its associated issues contested at the Lahore High Court and the Supreme Court of Pakistan respectively in the light of qualitative research methodology. This work highlighted provisions declared by the court ineffective and directions to the government for legislation in this regard. The article also identified issues and challenges liked with the newly formulated Rules. The research at hand, examined whether or not the larger bench of the Supreme Court or the drafters of the Rules addressed the question of interest on the soft loan, which the government undertook the responsibility to be offered to the convicts who are unable to pay due to financial crisis and the same has to be received as arrears of land revenue Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Incharge Postgraduate Programmes, Faculty of Shariah & Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/imprisonment-for-nonpayment-of-diyat-a-critical-analysis-of-two-leading-cases https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393176 2020-09-30 glsr

Evolving Mechanisms for Rehabilitation of offenders through Probation as an alternative to Punishment in Judicial system of Pakistan Zarfishan Qaiser Khushbakht Qaiser Corrective Justice Rehabilitation Probation and Reformation Retribution Alternative to Conventional Sentence. Crime and punishment have always been considered as two sides of the same coin. In the primitive legal systems, the real object of inflicting punishment was deterrent and retributive, however, with the evolution of concepts of rights and civil liberties the restorative justice movement started gaining momentum in criminal administration of justice, the need to reconsider the objects of punishment has arisen and various theories were evolved to juxtapose these two extremes in such an optimum manner that ends of administration of justice could best be achieved. This article aims to find out the ways for proper implementation of probation laws to make community service as an alternative to crude punishment which seemed to have ignored the very object of punishment i.e., reformation for the betterment of society Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University Law College New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/evolving-mechanisms-for-rehabilitation-of-offenders-through-probation-as-an-alternative-to-punishment-in-judicial-system-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role of Superior courts of Pakistan in Protecting Intellectual Property: An Analysis Ghulam Murtiza Khalil Ur Rehman Tariq Muhammad Amir Shahzad Intellectual Property Superior Courts Protection Role The present age is the age of knowledge, and in this age, only those nations have gained honor and dignity that have turned this knowledge into wealth through inventions. Therefore, it is very important to give legal protection to these inventions so that the benefits of these inventions are limited to the person who owns them. Doing so raises not only social and economic development and living standard in society but also encourages other people to turn their knowledge into inventions. The real role in the protection of the intellectual property is played by the judiciary in any society. This study examines the role of superior courts in protecting intellectual property in Pakistan and concludes that Pakistan's superior courts have always played an important role in protecting intellectual property rights. All that is needed is to ensure speedy delivery of justice in such cases. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Manager Legal, Gujranwala Waste Management Company, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/role-of-superior-courts-of-pakistan-in-protecting-intellectual-property-an-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393178 2020-09-30 glsr

Challenges and Opportunities of English and Urdu contest: Language Planning and the Implementation of Article 251 in Pakistan Ayaz Ahmad Liaqat Iqbal Irfan Ullah English language planning Article 251 the national language official language Pakistan Constitutional development and language language rights Immediately after independence in 1947, Urdu became the national language of Pakistan. The constitution of 1973 promised the realization of this goal in Article 251. This paper analyses the causes of its lack of implementation with the help of textual analysis of archival sources. A historical overview of the introduction and domination of the English language in South Asia through colonial machinery explains the reasons for ambivalence about English and Urdu language to be entrenched in the colonial legacy and anticolonial nationalism. The lack of capacity and will combines with the forces for globalism in enhancing the position of the English language in Pakistan. Further, the association of English and Urdu with the existing class division has reduced the debate about language policy to rhetorical postures. The paper proposes a reconsideration of the historical top-down formation of language policy and planning and its replacement with a renewed bottom-up approach where diversity in Pakistan is accessed as a resource instead of treating it as a problem. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/challenges-and-opportunities-of-english-and-urdu-contest-language-planning-and-the-implementation-of-article-251-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393179 2020-09-30 glsr

Islamic Concept of Women Rights and Western Misconceptions: An Analytical Review Aziza Madnia Saeedi Moazzam Ali Imran Ali Women's Right West Misconceptions Islam Honor Religion This paper aims to clarify current situation of women in west and their misconceptions about the Islamic faith of women’s rights. The misconception is that Islam kept women at inferior position and oppresses them. The West thinks that Islam prefers men than women. But Islam divides duties to both according to their abilities not on the base of their status. Islam bestows women with honor, rights and high rank more than any other religion. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Government Postgraduate College Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, Government Degree College of Special Education Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/islamic-concept-of-women-rights-and-western-misconceptions-an-analytical-review https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012) Muhammad Imran Mughees Ahmad Zab Un Nisa Federalism Pakistan Ethnic Diversities Conflict Management Power Sharing Federations can be different at the level of centralism and in practices of governance. Due to such idiosyncratic features, states can be considered as centralized on the basis of the powerful federal government at the centre or decentralized because of the implementation of the theory of devolution of power and majoritarian federations due to the influential position of majority ethnic groups of the society. Certain federal states can apply a multi-dimensional system of governance, power and authority, while some other states can ascent more centralized and powerful governance. Some scholars alleged that the capability of the Federal state to meet the issue of ethnic diversity diverges transversely to its commitments and different structures. The aforementioned is further claimed that “a formal federal system functions in practice as a unitary system; the system's capacity is not according to the needs to accommodate ethnic and national cleavages” (Kohli, 2004). On the basis of such suggestions, this research paper endeavors to examine federalism as a tool to manage ethnic diversities in Pakistan. This paper argues that a more effective paradigm of the power sharing mechanism can be fruitful to enable federalism in Pakistan to manage ethnic diversities more exclusively. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor/Dean (R), Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Graduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/federalism-in-pakistan-a-conflict-management-tool-to-manage-ethnic-diversities-20022012 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393181 2020-09-30 glsr

Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012) Muhammad Imran Mughees Ahmad Zab Un Nisa Federalism Pakistan Ethnic Diversities Conflict Management Power Sharing Federations can be different at the level of centralism and in practices of governance. Due to such idiosyncratic features, states can be considered as centralized on the basis of the powerful federal government at the centre or decentralized because of the implementation of the theory of devolution of power and majoritarian federations due to the influential position of majority ethnic groups of the society. Certain federal states can apply a multi-dimensional system of governance, power and authority, while some other states can ascent more centralized and powerful governance. Some scholars alleged that the capability of the Federal state to meet the issue of ethnic diversity diverges transversely to its commitments and different structures. The aforementioned is further claimed that "a formal federal system functions in practice as a unitary system; the system's capacity is not according to the needs to accommodate ethnic and national cleavages" (Kohli, 2004). On the basis of such suggestions, this research paper endeavors to examine federalism as a tool to manage ethnic diversities in Pakistan. This paper argues that a more effective paradigm of the power sharing mechanism can be fruitful to enable federalism in Pakistan to manage ethnic diversities more exclusively. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor/Dean (R), Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Graduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/federalism-in-pakistan-a-conflict-management-tool-to-manage-ethnic-diversities-20022012 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393182 2020-09-30 glsr

The Study of Procedure of Investigation under the Criminal Justice System: A Case Study of Pakistan Amjad Hussain Khalid Asghar Muhammad Arif Saeed Criminal Justice Justice System Investigation Investigation Process Police the Investigation Criminal Law Pakistan Investigation plays a vital role in the criminal justice system. Because it is the main pillar of the criminal justice system, and without true investigation, it would not be possible to prosecute and convict the guilt and save the innocent from the agony of a trial. The purpose of the police is to gather evidence through investigation for the consideration of the Court to evaluate the same to arrive at a logical conclusion. With the beginning of the 21st century, advancement in information technology has changed the nature of the criminal activity. There is a need to study the existing investigation process to know that either the existing system is compatible with the changing nature of the criminal activity or not. The present study has tried to analyze the existing system and its compatibility with changing nature of the crime. After discussing a number of judgments,it is concluded that most of the criminal cases do not result in a conviction due to faulty investigation. At the end of the study,the researcher has given some recommendations for improving the criminal investigation process in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. LLM, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. LLM, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-study-of-procedure-of-investigation-under-the-criminal-justice-system-a-case-study-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Conceptualization of Breach of Contract under the Vienna Sales Convention and Sale of Goods Act of Pakistan Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Muhammad Asim Iqbal CISG SOGA Sales Law Breach Contract The Vienna Sales Convention or CISG is an amalgamation of civil law and common law. Moreover,it is relatively a modern document when compared with the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (SOGA) of Pakistan,which is an offshoot of common law. The remedial measures available to the parties contracting for the sale of goods under both regimes are somehow different. Because, the basic concept of a breach in a contract is a major variable in each instrument, if evaluated from various angles. The fundamental scheme applied here is to find the common legal provisions, similarities and differences on the concept of the breach. The comparative analysis shows that similar contractual obligations lead to dissimilarities in remedies under different laws. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Law), Faculty of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/conceptualization-of-breach-of-contract-under-the-vienna-sales-convention-and-sale-of-goods-act-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393184 2020-09-30 glsr

Role of UN on J and K under International Law: A Paradigm Shift from Active Mediation to Passive Engagement Adnan Rahman Ataullah Khan Mahmood Saqib Shahbaz UN Conflict of J and K Mediation Resolutions on J and K Paradigm Shift and Passive Engagement The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the role of the UN on the conflict of J and K. The Kashmir Issue has been on the agenda of the UN since 1948. There are many stages of the UN's intervention for the resolution of this protracted conflict. There is a need to critically analyze the role of the UN in the conflict of J and K. This research paper will analyze the role of the UN in a critical manner to explore the causes and circumstances responsible for the failure of the UN in resolving this conflict. The findings of this paper will be based upon the literature review on the conflict of J and K and UN's mediation. This study can be very useful in the future to analyze the role of the UN in resolving international disputes and to evaluate the causes of the failure of the UN in different protracted conflicts. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Law, Faculty of Sharia and Law, IIUI/ Faculty Member of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarab Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Sharia and Law, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/role-of-un-on-j-and-k-under-international-law-a-paradigm-shift-from-active-mediation-to-passive-engagement https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Divulging on Autopsy and the External Post-Mortem Examination of a Dead Body for Criminal Proceedings Atika Lohani Shahid Zafar Bajwa Aamir Abbas Autopsy Examination Autopsy Surgeon Rigor Mortis Livor Mortis Dead Body For criminal proceedings, the post-mortem examination of a dead body is composed of two stages.PME encompasses the apparent condition of the dead body in reference to the surrounding of the crime scene and the effects of the environment. The autopsy consists of the examination of the body in the autopsy room for detailed examination. Apart from these two categories, PME can also be divided according to the purpose and approval of authority for conducting the examination including; for the training of the medical students,organ donation, and identification of an unknown dead body where no crime is involved, or where the crime occurred it determines the cause of death or traces any sign of the criminal. The purpose of both examinations is to find the cause of death and trace the perpetrator of the crime, if possible under the given circumstances of dead body, and to prosecute the offender and exonerate the innocents. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate High Court Assistant Professor, Law College, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/divulging-on-autopsy-and-the-external-postmortem-examination-of-a-dead-body-for-criminal-proceedings https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393186 2020-12-30 glsr

Exploring Islamic Injunctions on Remission of Sentences Sadia Tabassum Bakht Munir Omar Mahmood Wattoo Remission Punishment Islamic Injunctions The most significant and all-encompassing purpose of punishments in Islamic law is to make the offender repent and mend his ways. For this purpose, Islamic law provides various provisions both at the preconviction as well as post-conviction stages. With qualitative research methodology and Islamic injunctions, this research aims to examine, at the pre-conviction stage, provisions about repentance and expiation on the part of the offender, suspension of punishment in case of voluntary surrender, probation after repentance and surrender and payment of compensation to the victims of the offence. At the post-arrest and conviction stage, Islamic law provides various relaxations and creates space for repentance and reform, which include obliteration of the punishments of apostasy and blasphemy, considering denial by the accused of the commission of the offence, obliteration of the hudud and qisas punishments, and obliteration of the siyasah punishments. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Department of Law and Shariah, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/exploring-islamic-injunctions-on-remission-of-sentences https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Smokescreen of Media during COVID-19 and Its Perpetual Resolutions: A Thick Description Malik Adnan Irem Sultana Muhammad Basharat Hameed COVID-19 Media Social Media Communication Barriers Pandemic Regarding the information of Coronavirus, the platform of social and mass media played a vital role. As there was little knowledge about COVID-19 at the beginning, numerous fake news, misinformation, and rumors were spread by the digital media across the globe, which made people lose their nerves and panic decisions. To weaken and stop the spreading of misinformation and fake news in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic are requisite because the misinformation and rumors about the pandemic create anxiety, distress, and disturbance among the public, and leads them to several psychological disorders. Instead of viewing social media as a tributary channel, it must be organized to deliver significant data and information. Moreover, it lets people report their questions directly. Several governments have taken drastic steps to hold the pandemic of misinformation, globally; however, several measures are mandatory to avert such communication barriers Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Media Studies, Community Awareness Officer, Punjab Emergency Service, Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-smokescreen-of-media-during-covid19-and-its-perpetual-resolutions-a-thick-description https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393188 2020-12-30 glsr

Deficiencies in the Legal Framework of Housing in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig Rao Qasim Idrees Hafiz Muhammad Usman Nawaz Constitutional Provisions Housing Laws Legal Deficiencies Private Housing Schemes Housing has been given a special priority by the present Government of Pakistan due to its huge financial impact. One of the basic necessities of life includes housing. Housing has been acknowledged as directory principle under the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973. Under the scheme of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, the provision of housing units is primarily the responsibility of the Local Governments in the provinces, but they have miserably failed to do so. This article points out some of the major reasons and obstacles due to which housing laws are unable to regulate the housing industry of Pakistan in an effective manner. At the end of this article, some suggestions and recommendations have been given, which are necessary to improve the legislative as well as the regulatory mechanism of the housing industry in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Shariah & Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/deficiencies-in-the-legal-framework-of-housing-in-pakistan-a-critical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Framing Peace Process and Sharia: An Evidence of Peace Journalism during Violent Conflict in District Swat, Pakistan Jamaluddin Rooh Ul Amin Khan Muhammad Atif Shahzad Peace Agreements Dialogue Adl Regulations Islamic Laws Sharia Government Militants This study contently examines the editorial coverage of the [violent] conflict/ militancy in district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in two leading local newspapers, i.e. Daily Chand and Daily Shamal, from a peace journalism perspective. The findings, based on content analysis of overall 145 editorials written on the issue of militancy/conflict, indicate that the local newspapers backed the peace process and implementation of Islamic laws (Sharia) and viewed them as important elements for conflict resolution. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Swat, Mingora, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/framing-peace-process-and-sharia-an-evidence-of-peace-journalism-during-violent-conflict-in-district-swat-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393190 2020-12-30 glsr

Protection of Consumer Rights and Superior Judiciary of Pakistan Ghulam Murtiza Khalil ur Rehman Tariq Muhammad Amir Shahzad Consumer Protection Judiciary Case In any society, consumers are the backbone of the business. No business can be imagined without the existence of a consumer. This gives a good idea of the importance of the consumer and his rights. The protection of consumer rights is considered a sign of the superiority of the economic system of any society. The role of the superior judiciary in protecting consumer rights in any economic system cannot be underestimated as its decisions apply not only to the lower courts but to society as a whole. This study examines the role of Pakistans superior judiciary in protecting consumer rights and concludes that the superior judiciary of Pakistan has always played an important role in protecting the consumer, and only by implementing the decisions of the superior judiciary a better economic system can be created in which the rights of the consumer are fully protected. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Manager Legal, Gujranwala Waste Management Company, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/protection-of-consumer-rights-and-superior-judiciary-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393191 2020-12-30 glsr

Protection of Consumer Rights and Superior Judiciary of Pakistan Ghulam Murtiza Khalil ur Rehman Tariq Muhammad Amir Shahzad Consumer Protection Judiciary Case In any society, consumers are the backbone of the business. No business can be imagined without the existence of a consumer. This gives a good idea of the importance of the consumer and his rights. The protection of consumer rights is considered a sign of the superiority of the economic system of any society. The role of the superior judiciary in protecting consumer rights in any economic system cannot be underestimated as its decisions apply not only to the lower courts but to society as a whole. This study examines the role of Pakistans superior judiciary in protecting consumer rights and concludes that the superior judiciary of Pakistan has always played an important role in protecting the consumer, and only by implementing the decisions of the superior judiciary a better economic system can be created in which the rights of the consumer are fully protected. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Manager Legal, Gujranwala Waste Management Company, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/protection-of-consumer-rights-and-superior-judiciary-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393192 2021-03-30 glsr

Towards the Establishment of Family Dispute Resolution Center in Pakistan Zeeshan Ashraf Qureshi Hafiz Muhammad Usman Nawaz Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig Family Dispute Resolution Family Mediation Local Government Panchayat Amicable Settlement Alternative Dispute Resolution Customary Practices The researchers have articulated the developments of family dispute resolution in Pakistan and highlighted issues pertaining to its legal framework and customary practices existing in the social and legal system. The library used as a tool for data collection, and internet sources consulted in this research. Doctrinal and qualitative methodologies used for this study and data analysis carried out through analytical and critical review along with the interpretation of laws. This article is very significant for the understanding of gaps to accommodate FDR methods and practices to expedite adjudication processes. Furthermore, the article is lightening on the issues of dispute resolution and interaction of local government systems to cater to customary mal-practices. Therefore, FDR is the most flexible, efficient, and preferred choice for family dispute resolution in the developed legal discourse. This article is advocating in favor of FDR, aiming to reconciliation in the matrimonial disputes, to prevent the dissolution of marriage cases. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/towards-the-establishment-of-family-dispute-resolution-center-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Nexus between Fundamental Rights and Necessities of Life: A Case Study of Pakistan Naseem Razi Rashida Zahoor Ghulam Abbas Necessities of Life Pakistan Constitutional Rights Conclusions and Recommendations The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 protects its citizens by guaranteeing some fundamental rights. It is, however, a matter of great concern that these rights do not cover the "right to access the necessities of life like access to clean water, food, clothing, shelter, and medicine etc". It, thus, leads imperfection of the constitutional rights. Therefore, this study aims to highlight this gap by evaluating the constitutional fundamental rights in the light of the necessities of life. This study concludes that lack of access to the necessities of life has made the people least concern towards the national issues and development of the country. Hence, this paper recommends filling up this gap and to incorporate the "right to access to the necessities of life" in the Constitution 1973. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Faculty of Shari'ah and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-nexus-between-fundamental-rights-and-necessities-of-life-a-case-study-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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New Delhi's Pakistan Dilemma and the Indo-Pakistan Peace Process Rizwan Zeb Shahbaz Ahmed Shahzad Muhammad Alam India Pakistan Peace Process South Asian Security India-Pakistan Relations Although many argue that since Modi took over, Indo-Pak peace became a mirage yet, this paired minority conflict started in 1947. At present, any discussion in the west on India-Pakistan relations implicates Pakistan for all the wrongs with the relationship. What is missing from this narrative is the lack of a clear Indian position and policy towards Pakistan. What is New Delhi's Pakistan policy? How New Delhi intends to address its Pakistan problem? The core argument of this paper is that the biggest hurdle to establishing India-Pakistan peace or normalization is a lack of a clearly stipulated Pakistan policy on the part of New Delhi and that it has no vision for how to deal with Pakistan other than as an enemy. Humanity Publications Associate Professor and DS Research, Department of War Wing, Air War College Institute (AWCI), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Independent Security Analyst with Expertise in South Asian Strategic Stability Affairs. Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/new-delhis-pakistan-dilemma-and-the-indopakistan-peace-process https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Money Laundering and Power Politics in Pakistan M. Qadeer Shabnam Gul Muhammad Faizan Asghar Money Laundering Debasements Drug Dealing Carrying Tax avoidance practices are considered by the show of offenders restricting them as apparent sources and ownership. This is unlawful Mon, that is, illegal Mon. If not, Mon will lose his one-of-a-kind character. The importance of Interpol was gotten by UNO on General get together 1995. May convey a huge load of learning results. Cheats, insider trades, pay off and different fakes will impact counterfeit plan and may in like manner produce immense advantages. At the point when type exercises is redesigned, individual individuals will contain should track down the same method to sort out control these assets by will crumble assets into any little pieces, and character will be brought when personality is put into use. Humanity Publications University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/money-laundering-and-power-politics-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigation Techniques & Modern Technology Muhammad Usman Hafiz Aziz ur Rehman Modern Technology Scientific Knowledge Courts DNA Profiling Criminality The scientific knowledge and skills are the result of sophisticated methods where the liability of courts and investigation process has been increased during the last couple of decades. The use of technology and different other similar modern methods are helpful in the detection of offenders, and it is the revolutionary evaluation of investigation techniques. Since the offenders are also using different techniques for their criminal activities, so the use of technology is becoming more necessary for tracking the criminals. Both police and courts are using modern techniques of investigation with the use of modern technology for the detection of violent crimes and criminal activities. This paper examines the impact of modern technology on the investigation process and working mechanism of police and courts. Further, it elucidates the importance of modern technology and its impact upon the investigation process along with the outcome of criminal investigations. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/investigation-techniques-modern-technology https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analytical Exposition of 'Right to Life' with Reference to Judicial Decisions in Pakistan and India Sunbal Islam Chaudhary Bakhtawar Manzoor Gul Sher Butt Euthanasia and India Fundamental Rights Judicial Activism Right to Quality of Life Right to Die The right to life is an integral right which basically is a necessary requisite to enjoy other rights. This paper begins with an overview of the basic and essential right in which the meaning of life is analyzed and then focuses on how the right to life gains importance in every legislative document and world's perspective to enhance its scope and also its application. On the one hand, this paper analyses the inviolable nature of this fundamental right, but on the flip side, it focuses on the non-absoluteness of this right. Moreover, this article discusses landmark cases decided by the Indian and Pakistani judiciary, which encompass such utilities and facilities that naturally a free-born person in a sovereign country is entitled to enjoy, but all such amenities are subjected to the law of their lands. Humanity Publications Phd Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Phd Scholar, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/analytical-exposition-of-right-to-life-with-reference-to-judicial-decisions-in-pakistan-and-india https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Affirmative Action in the Forensic Arena: Pakistan's Perspective Mumtaz Ali Aziz-ur-Rehman Children Forensic Judicial Restraint Women Being a weaker stratum of society, special measures should be taken to protect women and children. It is a basic obligation of all and sundry to safeguard and uplift women and children, but in the Courts of Law, they are the least protected. When the stage of realization of the basic rights comes, the Courts treat them like chattels on one pretext or other, especially on the ground of judicial restraint. They are not given equal treatment with men; what to say about special treatment in the Courts in Pakistan. Although on paper, women and children are the most privileged persons at the end of the day, they are victims of the men-made game. Everyone has been watching it since the creation of Pakistan and will continue seeing it forever. This article will explore the fraud being played on women and children from a forensic perspective. Humanity Publications PhD (Law) Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/affirmative-action-in-the-forensic-arena-pakistans-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan Yasir Aleem Muhammad Arif Saeed Muhammad Umar Farooq Broadcast Media Freedom of Expression Regulation Regulation is an important aspect of the freedom of expression of broadcast media. However, in Pakistan, it is purported that broadcast media is heavily regulated, and there is very little space for freedom of expression on broadcast media. This short article examines this contention of heavy regulation by analyzing the regulatory system of broadcast media in Pakistan. The doctrinal legal research method is applied in this study. The socio-legal research method is also adopted to support the doctrinal legal research method. Under socio-legal methods, the qualitative methods of in-depth interviews are adopted. This article finds, among others, that there are numerous issues annexed with the regulation of broadcast media in Pakistan. These issues have seriously affected the applicability of the principle of freedom of expression and also restricted the prospects of effective regulation of broadcast media in Pakistan. In the end, this article articulates future implications regarding the regulation of broadcast media in the country. Humanity Publications Lecturer, College of Law, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/broadcast-media-regulation-and-freedom-of-expression-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigative Process as Check on the Corporate Mismanagement Usman Hameed Abida Hassan Mahwish Mubeen Investigative Process Regulate Corporate Mismanagement Company A lot of changes have been made in all departments of Pakistan as well as at the worldwide level, and such changes were necessary to be made for the smooth growth of departments and development of countries which ensured not only a good and trustworthy atmosphere but also improved the financial status of many countries. All these changes and developments were possible only with the participation of some developed countries. This article discusses the different aspects of management of the company, which should act in a crystal-clear manner for the benefit of the shareholders. However, when the shareholders are of the view that the management is not functioning according to law to fulfil their aspirations, they can resort to remedies, one of them being investigation. Well organized work can only be guaranteed by preventing monopolies and mismanagement from corporate sectors. It also highlights that how the investigation should be conducted by remaining in possible subsequent sources of corporate management. Humanity Publications Director, Department of Law, University of Management and Technology, Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, National Law College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/investigative-process-as-check-on-the-corporate-mismanagement https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Implications of Reforms for Erstwhile FATA: A Critical Analysis Muhammad Nasrullah Manzoor Ahmad FATA Reforms FCR Political Implications Social Implications Governance Issues The FATA reform process is not a one-time exercise that could be completed through certain legal and administrative action but is a multi-dimensional process with short, medium and longer-term dimensions. The government has set up an 11-member task force to speed up the implementation process and pay special attention to the proposed legal reforms, FATA's development and the security mainstreaming of FATA. To oversee this process, a high-powered National Implementation Committee, set up in 2017, is tasked to regularly review the progress of the FATA reform on the basis of periodical reports of the Task Force. The proposed reforms packages, besides envisaging reforms at different spheres, also aims to bring bringing about brighter socio-economic prospects to the tribal areas. It could be said that the reforms are also pivoted around boosting the socio-economic status of the tribal people. This paper presents a critical analysis of the merger plan and also critically examines the implications of reforms for FATA. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor/Chairman, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/implications-of-reforms-for-erstwhile-fata-a-critical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Rights of Transgender Persons: An Analytical Study of Sharia Fozia Naseem Muhammad Hamzah Syed Muhammad Najam Ameer Shah Transgender Guardians of Harem Curse of The God Medical Disability Transgender persons are found in almost every society; these people were present in Medina state and had been found in Arab cities and societies even before Islam. In Arab societies, they were treated as slaves, and it was their only status at that time in those societies. Comparative research has been done in this article on how different societies, civilizations and cultures of the world consider transgender persons as the curse of God. During the period of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Transgender was given the title "Guardians of Harem", and they used to guard the harems (the place where women and children reside) of the Muslim elites. These persons enjoy the rights of male or female and are bound to obey the directions and commands, which are for a male Muslim and female Muslim. This is a medical disability, just like any other disability and nothing else. In many other societies, civilizations and religions of the world, transgender persons have been deprived of their true status and have been humiliated. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/rights-of-transgender-persons-an-analytical-study-of-sharia https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Child Protection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Brief Review of the Child Protection and Welfare Act, 2010 Hussain Ali Ashraf Ali Muzammil Shah Child Protection Welfare Sexual Abuse Trafficking Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child protection is the prevention and response to child violence and abuse, including illegal child engagement in labor, within and outside the country trafficking, sexual abuse of children and child rights violation due to customary laws. The Pakistani state adopted and is the signatory to various international documents and instruments. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government in the year 2010 passed a law entitled; Child Protection and Welfare Act for children rights protection in the province. In the present research study, the researchers reviewed systematically various international documents and instruments as well as the provincial government child protection law. Pakistani state adopted various documents and signed international instruments for child protection. For the protection of children, units are established in all most all the districts in the province under the act. The research study highlighted that a strong reporting and referral mechanism is required about the abused children in the province. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Chairman/Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Superintendent, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/child-protection-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-a-brief-review-of-the-child-protection-and-welfare-act-2010 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing the Efficacy of the Concept of Judicial Accountability Through the Lens of the Constitution of Pakistan Muhammad Hassan Zia Salman Naseer Faizan Dar Judiciary Independence Constitution President and Accountability Superior Courts judges are expected to have a higher standard of conduct. It is necessary for the judiciary as an institution, to maintain its probity and independence. The proposition that the Superior Court Judge is only responsible for his conduct and not that of his independent wife and children. This study makes clear that Judges are supposed to know the interests of members of their families in monetary terms. This work further explores an appealing hypothesis that the President should act in his discretion when authorizing an investigation against a Superior Court Judge under Article 48(2). The study concluded that under the Constitutional process for performing the executive function of authorizing an investigation into information against a Superior Court Judge, the President should act on the advice of the PM or the Cabinet under Article48(1) of the Constitution and not invoke his discretionary power under Article 48(2). Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Advocate, Hight Court Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-efficacy-of-the-concept-of-judicial-accountability-through-the-lens-of-the-constitution-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Criminal Acts Perpetrated during Jammu Massacre, 1947: An International Law Perspective Adnan Rahman Amar Jahangir Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Criminal Acts Jammu Massacre International Law and Conflict of Jammu and Kashmir The Dogra Forces of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, with the support of the extremist armed groups of Hindus and Sikhs, perpetrated various criminal acts during Jammu Massacre,1947. A huge number of Muslims were killed, raped, maimed, and tortured, and thousands were forced to migrate to Pakistan in critical conditions. The massacre generally and nature, threshold, and scope of the seacts are retrospectively analyzed, to the extent of Genocide Convention, 1948 and Rome Statute of International Criminal Court, 1998, by the review of existing literature. The study suggests few viable and effective legal redressals under international law to the victims of the Jammu Massacre, including refugees and the living generations of the killed persons. The work is somehow useful and relevant for future studies around the multifarious nature and aspects of the criminal acts similar to the acts of Perpetrators involved in the Jammu Genocide. Humanity Publications Member Law Faculty, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-criminal-acts-perpetrated-during-jammu-massacre-1947-an-international-law-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Issues Impacting the Reliability, and Authenticity of Medical Evidence relating to Post-Mortem Examination in a Trial Atika Lohani Shahid Zafar Bajwa Aamir Abbas Post-mortem Examination Medico-legal Report Autopsy surgeon Autopsy report Dead body Post-mortem is a scientific examination conducted post-death in order to find out the cause of death as well as the traces of the perpetrator of the crime if it is homicidal. This examination gives a direction to investigative machinery to start its investigation to find and prosecute the accused and exonerate the innocent accused in the case. Additionally, it is complicated as well, depending upon various essential and important factors, which are vital for the admissibility of medical evidence in a criminal trial and this article focuses on these issues. These essentials factors include the performance of examination only by a registered autopsy surgeon or pathologist; who is an expert in the knowledge of diseases, the carrying out of a detailed and careful examination; on the crime scene and in the mortuary, preparation of the factual and objective medico-legal report; which is free from personal feelings and opinions of the medical expert. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate High Court. Assistant Professor, Law College GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/issues-impacting-the-reliability-and-authenticity-of-medical-evidence-relating-to-postmortem-examination-in-a-trial https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Judicial Activism and Constitutional Challenges in India Noman Gul Naghma Farid Muhammad Siraj Khan Judicial Activism Independence of Judiciary Constitutionalism Courts in India intervened in policy matters; education, environment, property rights, and cleanwater are some of the areas in which precedents have been established. Supreme Court has become a final interpreter of the constitution. It even checked the amendments made by parliament. A weaker political system provided a feeding ground for the judiciary to intervene in the matters of the executive and legislatures. By noticing the checkered history, the emergency of the 1970s has weakened the judiciary which has been compensated in the last few decades. Powers belong to those who utilized them. The unconstitutional dismissals provided a vacuum for the judiciary to play its role. The judicial review,interpretation of fundamental rights, environmental issues, constitutional amendments and appointment of judges, have broadened the jurisdiction of courts in India. Humanity Publications Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/judicial-activism-and-constitutional-challenges-in-india https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Constitutional Status of FATA: Pre & Post Merger Comparison of Legal & Administrative System Aliya Waris Sadia Fayaz Aasia Khatoon Khattak FATA Merger Reforms Constitution Administration Legal System FATA, located in northwestern Pakistan, was once a battlefield for nineteenth-century imperial domination. Soon after Pakistan's independence, various tribes admitted allegiance to the state. There was a separate political and administrative system in FATA; this system retained the traditional way of 'JIRGA' system in these areas, which were included in the 1973 constitution of Pakistan. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon, FATA became the front-line region in War on Terror, which greatly affected the area. The people of FATA faced exploitation of their rights in the past. The government of Pakistan in 2018 took a great step towards the development of FATA by its merger into KP, which was a great change in the status of the area, supported by different political parties. Humanity Publications MA student (session 2017-19) Department of Political Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/constitutional-status-of-fata-pre-post-merger-comparison-of-legal-administrative-system https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Story Model of Judicial Decision-Making and Reasoning With Evidence Nasir Majeed Ataullah Khan Mahmood Decision-Making Story Argumentative Probability Approach Judicial Evidence The argumentative approach, the probability approach, and the story model are the three normative frameworks to reasoning with judicial evidence. The story model describes that judges reach the final conclusion by going through three different stages. The model also offered certainty principles, including evidential coverage, coherence, consistency, plausibility, and structural completeness to evaluate the stories. Different researchers have criticized the story model by pointing out that the model does not elaborate the meaning of evidential coverage and plausibility. Additionally, the story model has also been charged on the ground that it does not guide how to evaluate evidential coverage or plausibility of a story and how to select the best story when judges make more than one story. The present study demonstrates that these shortcomings may be overcome by using anchored narrative theory, causal abductive reasoning, story schemes, critical questions, and principles of inference to the best explanation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-story-model-of-judicial-decisionmaking-and-reasoning-with-evidence https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Right to Financial Empowerment of Women: An Analysis of Sharia Fozia Naseem Rao Qasim Idrees Abida Yasin Inheritance Rights Sharia Woman The position of women in the pre-Islamic era in the period of ignorance, called Jaliyah before the dawn of Islam, was very miserable. Women were just treated as inferior beings under customary tribal laws existing in Arabia. The inheritance was mostly passed by the male heirs, and the women had no property rights. In this article, a descriptive evaluation has been done regarding the distinctive Privileges given to women in Islam: Maintenance for women as a wife and daughter. The nation of maintenance in Islamic Law/Sharia was to provide support to the one not having the capability to maintain oneself; maintenance involves the fulfilment of basic requirements of a person for sustenance, e.g. niceties of life. In the circumstances where a woman gets half of the man's legacy, the lady's new income is safe by the Sharia and is hers to allocate with as she desires. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Law College, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/right-to-financial-empowerment-of-women-an-analysis-of-sharia https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Federalism and Provincial Autonomy in Pakistan: A Case of Balochistan Khalid Javed Mittru Tohid Anwar Syed Aftab Hussain Gillani Federalism Baluchistan Provincial Autonomy Aghaz -e- Haqooq e Baluchistan Package 7th NFC Award 18th Amendment The present study intends to explore the various aspects of the issue of provincial autonomy in the entire federation of Pakistan in general and in Baluchistan in particular and prescribes their possible resolution. Although federal system of government remains essential for diverse societies like Pakistan, it has not been able to lessen the grievances of its various units, particularly Baluchistan, over the period of time due to poor implementation of the policies. The 18th amendment in the constitution discourages the centralization of power and demands political and economic autonomy of the smaller provinces like Baluchistan, but the authoritarian trend of our political system has never permitted it to happen. The study suggests that deprivation of the people of Baluchistan can be ended by strengthening the federation of Pakistan with the help of a few viable steps like Decentralization of power and restoration of democratic values. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/federalism-and-provincial-autonomy-in-pakistan-a-case-of-balochistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Proactive Role of Public Prosecutors in the Administration of Criminal Justice: .. Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri Ata Ullah Khan Mahmood Ghufran Ahmed Adversarial Administration of Criminal Justice Inquisitorial Public Prosecution Service Public Prosecutor The public prosecution service is an inevitable feature of the Criminal Justice System (CJS). A key position is assigned to the public prosecutor in the administration of the CJS, who exercises considerable powers and responsibilities, who acts with independence, impartiality, and integrity. In present era, neither the rule of law can be upheld, nor can the human rights be protected without effective role of prosecution services that has become one of the essential pillars of the CJS, an essential component of the Rule of Law,powerful center having a lot of authorities and center of attraction. The world is moving towards a prosecutorial justice system. With the help of comparative and qualitative research methodology, this article aimed to analyze the role and function of the public prosecutor in the CJS of different legal systems that enable us to revamp our system in the right direction for making it efficient expeditious, and cost-effective. Humanity Publications Assistant District Public Prosecutor, Anti-Terrorism Court Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/proactive-role-of-public-prosecutors-in-the-administration-of-criminal-justice-a-way-forward-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Proactive Role of Public Prosecutors in the Administration of Criminal Justice: .. Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri Ata Ullah Khan Mahmood Ghufran Ahmed Adversarial Administration of Criminal Justice Inquisitorial Public Prosecution Service Public Prosecutor The public prosecution service is an inevitable feature of the Criminal Justice System (CJS). A key position is assigned to the public prosecutor in the administration of the CJS, who exercises considerable powers and responsibilities, who acts with independence, impartiality, and integrity. In present era, neither the rule of law can be upheld, nor can the human rights be protected without effective role of prosecution services that has become one of the essential pillars of the CJS, an essential component of the Rule of Law,powerful center having a lot of authorities and center of attraction. The world is moving towards a prosecutorial justice system. With the help of comparative and qualitative research methodology, this article aimed to analyze the role and function of the public prosecutor in the CJS of different legal systems that enable us to revamp our system in the right direction for making it efficient expeditious, and cost-effective. Humanity Publications Assistant District Public Prosecutor, Anti-Terrorism Court Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/proactive-role-of-public-prosecutors-in-the-administration-of-criminal-justice-a-way-forward-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Mental Health Laws and Legislation: An Inchoate System in Pakistan.. Samza Fatima Muhammad Bilal Waqar Ahmed Disorder Disability Human Rights Legislation Mentally ill Mental Health Psychiatric Facilities Psychologists Social Workers Mental health refers to the mental capacity and ability to understand things rationally. Mental health is mostly disturbed when a person is caught up in any mental disorder in the form of depression or any serious mental health disease. A syndrome that affects the cognition of a person and affects his psychological and causes mental dis-functioning is called a mental disability. People living in the 21st century going through mental disabilities should be aware of their mental health rights and universally adopted principles for mentally disabled people. Following outdated and expired laws in the modern world cannot be the solution for the people of today's world. Hence new laws should be introduced, and the states where no legislation has been made should acknowledge disabled people equally as the normal people have status in society. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Law, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Student of LLB (Hons) 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/mental-health-laws-and-legislation-an-inchoate-system-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Law of Insider Trading in Pakistan: Focusing Associated Person Connected P.. Najeeb ullah Khan Ikram Ullah Associated Person Connected Person Insider Trading The legal mechanism that has been adopted for insider trading in Pakistan focuses on the associated and connected person includes Securities and Exchange Ordinance 1969 and Companies Ordinance 1984. The paper discusses the key issues regarding the associated and connected person and legal regime regarding the effectiveness of insider trading in Pakistan. This paper examines the existing laws in Pakistan, which specifically focus upon market-oriented regulations and economic development. The focus of this paper is to highlight the legal framework and connectivity between associated and connected persons affiliated with insider trading and other prohibitions which are provided in the SECP regularities of Pakistan.To tackle the misleading information and devaluation of market prices through insider trading is also part of this paper, along with some basic information like defrauding the market and, consequently, the shareholder sat large will also be discussed in this paper. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Faculty of Shariah Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-law-of-insider-trading-in-pakistan-focusing-associated-person-connected-p https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Reclamation of Dispute Settlement Mechanism in WTO for Sustainability of International Trade (Trade Law vs. Security Law) Amjad Hussain Shahzada Amir Mushtaq Muhammad Arif Saeed Trade Conflicts Tariffs Dispute Settlement Anti-Dumping Measures WTO International Trade Law The ideology of Bretton Woods for multilateral trading system buried in the USA during the reigns of Trump. He has not only reversed the 80 years' trade rules of the USA but poses a potential threat to Multilateral trade and endangered the WTO mechanism of dispute resolution by delaying the nominations forits Appellate forum. The present study focuses both on the potential crises in international trade and American invocation of excessive tariffs and Anti-Dumping duties in the form of National Security Measures contrary to the provisions of the GATT Agreement. The Security Measures taken by the Trump administration were extraordinary in nature and violated many procedural rules of WTO Trade covenants necessary to be followed before the determination and imposition of counter-bailing and Anti-Dumping duties. The Trump'sunilateral approach eroded away the leading role of the USA for accelerating the global trade once it played,which resultantly paved the way for China to take place instead of the USA in international arena to revisit and frame new trade rules for Nations. The article also addresses through empirical analysis that WTO dispute settlement body seems reluctant to take any bold decision against developed economies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Doctoral Candidate at School of Law and Economics, Zhengzhou University, Henan Mainland, China LLM, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-reclamation-of-dispute-settlement-mechanism-in-wto-for-sustainability-of-international-trade-trade-law-vs-security-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan Zia-ud-Din Malik Hamid Mukhtar Kashif Mahmood Saqib Cross-national Comparative Labor Laws China India and Pakistan The labour laws of China, India, and Pakistan are compared in this article. It shows how imitative isomorphic propensities and basic concepts of justice like equality, equity, and necessity may have resulted in labour law parallels in all the three nations. Unique cultural, social, and historical variables, on the other hand, have resulted in considerable variations in these labour regulations. Understanding these distinction scan help policymakers and corporate leaders make better decisions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/crossnational-comparative-study-of-labor-laws-between-china-india-and-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Doctrinal Analysis of Right to Education via Legislative and Judicial Discourse in Pakistan Ammar Ali Sheikh Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Adnan Rahman Human Rights Education Legislation Eighteenth Amendment Pakistan Legal Obligation Education is condition sine qua non for the development of a country. Therefore, international human rights law emphasizes the right to education with its categorical implementation throughout the globe.The constitutional backing in Pakistan was a principle of policy (Article 37) initially which was later on supplemented by the eighteenth Amendment. The Amendment not only recognizes the right to education but devolves its implementation to the provinces as well. Since the last decade, various legislation have been made on the federal and provincial levels. The study investigates these legislative measures with an evolutionary backdrop of the efforts, while the detailed analysis on the availability of the right to education in the country shows a few vagueness's and implementing lacunae. Hence, it strongly recommends the enhancement of financial support and eradication of administrative constraints to provide this fundamental right. Humanity Publications Adjunct Faculty Member in Law, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad (UAJK), Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan Lecturer in Law, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-doctrinal-analysis-of-right-to-education-via-legislative-and-judicial-discourse-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Analysis of Implementation Outcomes and Consequences of e-Governance Reforms in Education and Police Departments in District Mardan (2013-2017) Safia Jawad Brekhna Gul Younas Khan Biometric Independent monitoring unit (IMU) FIRs Vehicle Verification System (IVS) Identification Verification System (IVS) Criminal Record Verification (CRV) Police Access Service (PAS) and Pol Nowadays, electronic governance has got importance due to its significant role in both developed and developing states ushered as a modern tool of governance. The core aim of e-Governance is to supervise and ease governance for residents, government, and businesses. There are basically four types of e-government services provided: Government to Business (G2B), Government to Government (G2G),Government to Citizen (G2C), and Government to Employee (G2E) along with Electronic-Right to Information(E-RTI). In all provinces of Pakistan E-G and E-RTI have been applied. This research has undertaken the less developed area under district government within the jurisdiction of the provincial government of KhyberPakhtunkhwa for the purpose of assessing the worth of implemented e-governance reforms package by actors dominating national politics. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, University College for Women, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-implementation-outcomes-and-consequences-of-egovernance-reforms-in-education-and-police-departments-in-district-mardan-20132017 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Study of Animal Rights and Related Laws in Pakistan Amjad Hussain A. Q. Sial Ahmad Usman Animal Rights Biodiversity Conservations Endangered Wild Species Co-existence The Islamic Republic of Pakistan like several other States of the world is a home to marvellous wildlife. There is a considerable variety of flora and fauna glorifying the landscape as well as forests of the country. This natural wealth of Pakistan is not being treated as it deserves for its continuous growth and preservation. Precious species of animals and birds are facing the risk of extinction or are in danger. The current study mainly explores the Pakistani legislation relating to animal rights. It also introduces certain species that if not rescued, are reported to be lost forever. The research has also tried to identify the reasons for the extinction/reduction of certain species of animals and birds. The role of law enforcement institutions including the superior courts has been made part of the study. The doctrinal method has been employed to conduct the present research. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. LLM Scholar, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-study-of-animal-rights-and-related-laws-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Forensic Evidence in Pre-Trial Investigation and Benefit of Doubt in Murder-Cases in Pakistan Atika Lohani Aamir Abbas Forensic Evidence Forensic Report Pre-Trial Investigation Criminal Justice This article discusses some murder trials in Pakistan during the year 2021 and underscores theevidence for the lack of pre-trial investigation and preparation of prosecution case as observed in such cases;and the impact of such lack of preparation of the case on the prosecution's interest in the justice system. Inorder to underpin the argument of this paper, 21 murder cases are chosen randomly from the year 2021 toanalyse the judicial policy in acquitting the accused. In doing so, this paper notes the trends of judicial policyfor their preservation of principles requiring proof of prosecution's case beyond a reasonable doubt, and thepresumption of innocence of the accused person, and the role of forensic evidence in such cases. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Law College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Law College, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/role-of-forensic-evidence-in-pretrial-investigation-and-benefit-of-doubt-in-murdercases-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Global Environmental Changes & Issues: The Engrossment of Pakistan Supreme Court Azmat Ali Shah Muhammad Siraj Khan Naghma Farid Environment Issues Supreme Court National Measures United Nations had taken initiative in 1992 to secure environment from the harmful effect it stated that "Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system - to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (United Nations Framework convention on climate change, 1992). It adds that "Each of these Parties shall adopt national policies and take corresponding measures on the mitigation of climate change...and in this regard, a convention in 2014 set new principles for the member states...appropriate measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change, especially through effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and to minimize the adverse effects of climate change through the adoption of suitable adaptation measures." Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/global-environmental-changes-issues-the-engrossment-of-pakistan-supreme-court- https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Doctrine of Just and Equitable Winding Up as Minority Shareholders' Remedy in Pakistan Imtiaz Ahmed Khan Hafiz Abdul Rehman Saleem Hamid Mukhtar Corporate Governance Just and Equitable Minority Shareholders Oppression Pakistan Unfair Prejudice Winding Up This article examines the doctrine of just and equitable winding as a minority shareholders' remedy in Pakistan. This is a residual remedy and developed with the passage of time for the protection of minority shareholders in the UK. The courts in the UK have established different views regarding circumstances in which remedy may be sought. In some cases, the court held that the jurisdiction of winding up is not different from unfair prejudice. Therefore, this article will further discuss the possibility of seeking remedy viz a viz other minority shareholders' protection mechanism such as remedy against unfair prejudice.This article is based on qualitative research. The doctrinal and comparative research methods have been applied in the research. This article concludes that the remedy of winding up on just and equitable grounds may be effective only when the grounds for seeking remedy are wider than the unfair prejudice remedy Humanity Publications Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Law, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/doctrine-of-just-and-equitable-winding-up-as-minority-shareholders-remedy-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of COVID-19 on Legal Education Sector of Pakistan and Online Education as an Alternative Learning System Muhammad Fahad Anwar Mehran Idris Khan Faiz Bakhsh Online Education in Pakistan COVID-19 Lockdown Higher Education Legal Education COVID-19 has collapsed education system due to lockdown and sudden closure of the educational institutions in Pakistan and across the globe. This study addresses online education challenges in the lockdown period and provides measures to effectively convert present resources available to university students from formal to online education through virtual classes. Therefore, this study examines students' perception of Pakistan's district Sahiwal towards the required digital and online university legal education during COVID-19. Postgraduate and undergraduate university law students were surveyed to find their perceptions about online legal education in the country. This research concludes that in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan, online education could yield desired results despite limited resources. Some concerns highlighted by the students were a lack of face-to-face interactions with teachers, multimedia educational resources and tools, and the absence of conventional classroom socialization. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/impact-of-covid19-on-legal-education-sector-of-pakistan-and-online-education-as-an-alternative-learning-system https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Child Labor in Pakistan: Investigating the Role of Pakistani Government for Controlling Child Labor Shaffaq Khalid Uffaq Khalid Child Labor Pakistan Law Lack of Resources Abuse Rights This research paper is aimed to provide a thorough analysis of the availability of resources causing success or failure for the implementation of child labor laws in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the child labor laws are followed properly by the government. Despite the government taking initiatives and introducing plans for the improvement of the child protection system showed considerably negative results. Currently, Pakistan has millions of children working in different factories, farms, and mines. The poor implementation of initiated programs and introduced laws for the child protection system is the main reason behind the increasing number of cases for child labor. A report has identified that lack of education, resources, family structures, and family size are the main reasons for child labor. Based on these arguments, this study is aimed to investigate and analyse child labor, child abuse, and denial of children's rights in Pakistan. Humanity Publications National University of Modern Languages, Ismalabad, Pakistan MPhil Student, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/child-labor-in-pakistan-investigating-the-role-of-pakistani-government-for-controlling-child-labor https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Islamic Work Ethics, Public Service Motivation and Punjab Civil Servants Act 1974 in the Context Atika Lohani Aamir Abbas Muhammad Shahid Sultan Watto Islamic Work Ethics Administrative Law Administration Of Law Public Service Motivation The gap between administration as processed in the reported history of Islam and as we experience it now in Pakistan underpins the need to discuss the administrative law and the administration of laws in a whole new scheme so as to reclaim the trust and confidence in the administrative law and the administration of laws. The paper argues that the inclusion of Principles of Islamic Work Ethics and Public Service Motivation in the reading of laws relating to administrative law and the application of these principles in the administration of law itself can be a practical solution to the problem. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Law College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/islamic-work-ethics-public-service-motivation-and-punjab-civil-servants-act-1974-in-the-context https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Critical Analysis of Prison Rules and Laws about Women Prisoners a Case Study of Hyderabad Women Prison Shabana kouser Jatoi Muhammad Nouman Jatoi Prison Plight of Women Correctional Institutions Incarceration System Bangkok Rules The prisons are the part of criminal justice system, prisons are created to correct the offender and to prevent the crime. Time to time concept of prison had changed his faces. The prisons created to confine the offender and prevent crime in the society from the concept of deterrence to rehabilitation. The researcher tried to analyze the situation existing in prison system of Pakistan specifically focusing on the treatment with the women offenders and the existing laws dealing with women prisone and their implementation in the prisons. As the current report on legislation by Sindh province shows that the Sindh assembly had passed almost unprecedented number of bills especially "The Sindh Prison And Correction Service Act 2019" and Rules under it while changing the prison to the correctional institutions in Sindh The study focuses on the implementation of these new laws existing laws and the current scenario of women prisons. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar/Lecturer, Institute of Law, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Advocate, Sindh High Court/Visiting Faculty member, Institute of Law, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/critical-analysis-of-prison-rules-and-laws-about-women-prisoners-a-case-study-of-hyderabad-women-prison https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Information Seeking Behavior of Law Students in Pakistan Jibran Jamshed Samza Fatima Muhammad Bilal Law Students Information Seeking Library Online Sources The major goal of this empirical study is to determine how undergraduate law students obtain legal knowledge. A survey research design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was distributed through convenient sampling among the law students (n=257) of two participating public universities, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur and Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. The questionnaire was first per-tested by two experts and then pilot-tested among the 15 respondents. The statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science V 23) is used to evaluate data, which is then displayed in tables with frequencies,means, modes, and percentages. Respondents frequently encountered Content, efficacy, and availability barriers, such as 'no access to full text once references are identified' (M= 3.67, SD= 3.388), 'doubt about the existence of relevant information (M=3.54, SD=2.451), 'it takes too long to find the answers' (M=3.66,SD=1.617), and 'it is easier to ask a colleague' (M=3.63, SD=1.221). The study concluded that the use of university law libraries among students is not popular. Only 4.6 Percent of students consider the law library as the first source of information when they face a difficult legal question. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor of Law, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Law, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/information-seeking-behavior-of-law-students-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Indispensability of Forensic Accuracy in Criminal Justice System Khushbakht Qaiser Zarfishan Qaiser Zaheer Abbas Chughtai DNA Crime Justice Evidentiary Value Courts DNA analysis has transformed forensic science, assisting in the capture of serial killers and the exoneration of innocent people falsely accused of major crimes. As DNA profiling becomes more sensitive and is utilized in more cases, it is critical that public and professional expectations are based on reality rather than television crime drama. In the pursuit of justice, DNA evidence is a useful and neutral instrument. DNA evidence will play an increasingly essential part in investigating crimes in the future, whether it helps convictor absolve persons. As a result, victims will receive better justice, and communities will be safer. This article discusses the vitality of DNA in the criminal justice system and provides an analysis pertaining to international practices. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Law and Policy, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. High Court, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-indispensability-of-forensic-accuracy-in-criminal-justice-system https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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How Pakistan Failed Its Women; A Socio-Legal Analysis of Public's Perception Regarding the Factors that Influence Perpetuation of Violence against Women Samza Fatima Asfa Ashraf Syed Kaleem Imam Women Pakistan Social Factors and Legal Factors VAW This study intends to analyze the socio-legal factors that influence the perpetuation of violence against women and identify what can be done to curtail this issue. For this purpose, an online cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted on Pakistani citizens through the snowball sampling technique. A total number of n=385 respondents (174 males and 211 females) participated in this study. Adapted items were validated using Chronbach Alpha 0.83 value and results were analyzed through frequency and percentage and Pearson correlation coefficient p and lt; 0.05 was applied to check the direction, magnitude and consistency between social factors, legal factors and perpetuation of violence against women to answer research questions of the study. Acquired responses indicated a significant positive relationship between social and legal factors in perpetuating violence against women in Pakistan. Hence this study concluded that the explanation of violence against women is a phenomenon that results due to both social and legal factors. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, University Gillani Law College, BZU, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, University Gillani Law College, BZU, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD in Politics and International Relations, Federal Secretary, Ministry of Narcotics Control Division, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/how-pakistan-failed-its-women-a-sociolegal-analysis-of-publics-perception-regarding-the-factors-that-influence-perpetuation-of-violence-against-women https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Quest of Legislative Governance in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Punjab and Sindh During 2013-2018 Maham Razzaq A.D. Hassan Sajanka Muhammad Nawaz Shahzad Local Government Legislature Power Authority Legislation Sindh Assembly Governance is commonly considered the use of power and influence by the political elites for the welfare of its citizens.' A parallel concept of Good governance is used for a process where public institutions conduct public affairs, manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights. The federal form of government is comprised of provinces. If provinces perform properly, the federation considered as secured and supportive. The present study aims to explore and compare a quest for legislative governance in Pakistan and a comparative study of Punjab and Sindh during the period of 2013-2018. A qualitative method with comparative analysis adopted to find the answer of the research questions . It is find out that a close harmony and partnership required among the national and provincial governments in Pakistan. Transfer of power should be in an appropriate way in all stages from federal to local government. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Government College for Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-quest-of-legislative-governance-in-pakistan-a-comparative-study-of-punjab-and-sindh-during-20132018 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Modern Child Slavery Atrocious Breach of Fundamental Rights: A Case Study of Pakistan Qurat-ul-Ain Ashfaq Children Constitution Forced Labour Modern-day Slavery Pakistan Trafficking Children are the future and assets of any nation yet the most susceptible members of society. This research analyzes the phenomenon of modern child slavery in Pakistan. Children have a right to grow up safe and free from any kind of exploitation and abuse. Slavery and trafficking is that abhorrent crime which violates the fundamental rights guaranteed to children under national and international conventions. This research indicates how children are bought and sold and forced into truly outrageous forms of exploitation such as forced labour and debt bondage, prostitution, pornography, camel jockeys, and other illicit activities. This research paper also reviews factors that trigger the situation, such as gender bigotry, poverty, harmful traditional practices and natural disasters. Child labour, trafficking and slavery of any form is sternly proscribed in Article 11 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 and various national and international conventions. Humanity Publications PhD Law Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/modern-child-slavery-atrocious-breach-of-fundamental-rights-a-case-study-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Legislation on Access to Information: The Perspective of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Right to Information Act Bushra Bannian Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan Arif Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Right to Information Azad Jammu and Kashmir Basic human rights Law Constitution Information encourages active participation of public in affairs of state. Keeping in view the importance of Right to Information (RTI), the United Nations (UN) has termed it as "touchstone of all the freedoms to which the UN is consecrated". The government introduced 13th Constitutional amendment in 2018 by which RTI was incorporated in Azad Jammu and Kashmir Interim Constitution, 1974. The fact that RTI has been explicitly protected by the constitution can't be undermined however this constitutional provision needs assistance by an ordinary legislation. Because, only an Act can prescribe the scope of right,responsibility of officials, kinds of information to be made available proactively, procedure to be followed to request and the mechanism to grant remedies in case of denial or unsatisfactory response to requested information etc. To resolve the issue of lack of RTI Act in AJK the study shows that there is no legal or constitutional barrier for the enactment of RTI Act, besides it is an immense need in the territory. The study foresees RTI Act as significant mean to bring democratic reforms and to bridge the gap among the individuals and the government. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/legislation-on-access-to-information-the-perspective-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir-right-to-information-act https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Criminal Justice System in Pakistan: A Critical Study Usman Asghar Shaukat Hussain Bhatti Sheikh Muhammad Adnan CJS Pakistan Police Legal Executive Jails Indictment Probation In a country like Pakistan, data is seldom celebrated. A take-off point can be a brief explanation of the Criminal Justice System (CJS), which this layout will endeavor to give ineffectual way. The CJS in Pakistan contains five sections for instance, the police, legitimate chief, confinement offices, arraignment, probation and parole. The degree of the survey was limited to the four regions, be explicit Punjab, Sindh, KPK and Balochistan. Basically, the presentation of CJS isn't at its ideal level in Pakistan as well as mending gauges like improvement and redesign of real establishments as well as cutoff the working of existing police, analysts, judges, specialists, jail staff is required close by revolve around updating the current characteristics of specialists, judges, examiners, remedial offices to additionally foster the usefulness level as well as reason-ability of organization movement by the CJS generally. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Law Candidate, TIMES Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Law, TIMES Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Law, TIMES Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-criminal-justice-system-in-pakistan-a-critical-study https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mal-Practices of Corporate Governance in Pakistani Financial Institutions: Overview of Panama and Pandora Leaks Syed Karam Elahi Gillani Zeeshan Ashraf Qureshi AML FATF FIA FBR NAB Panama Papers Pandora Leaks SECP Malpractices of corporate governance in Pakistan are identified in Panama and Pandora's papers published for secret gains. These leaks highlighted the names of Pakistan's personalities involved in financial crime, including tax evasion and money laundering. Further, there are certain allegations of financial crimes against the renowned personalities of Pakistan. Therefore, the matter is pivotal for Pakistan because of financial constraints due to the sanctions imposed by FATF. It is a need of the hour to look into this matter because our economy is on the ventilator due to financial crimes. Further, to understand how our institutions are dealing with financial crimes. For this research, the library and internet sources were used for data collection. The qualitative methodologies are adopted for this analytical and descriptive study, and data analysis is carried out through a critical analysis of the Pakistani legal framework. Therefore, this article has highlighted the issues related to governance and its impact on the economic system of Pakistan. Further, it is concluded that Pakistani institutions need statutory help preventing the increasing rate of mal-practices of financial transactions and white color crime in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Advocate High Court, LLM, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/malpractices-of-corporate-governance-in-pakistani-financial-institutions-overview-of-panama-and-pandora-leaks https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Value of Justice: A critical Analysis Syed Hassan Askari Naqvi Justice Free will Reasoning Wisdom Equity The opinion of Mutazilites, Ashrites, and Imamiyyah about divine justice and its effects on other topics such as Tafseer (commentary), Hadith, Fiqh (Jurisprudence), politics, psychology and study of the universe and other subjects has induced a sense of its presence. Evils (Shuroor) are not mere evils rather, they hide (perishable). And attributable moreover, disparity plays a vital role in enhancing the beauty and the attraction of the universe.Besides that, the existence of each entity of the universe in its own particular state is according to divine justice. Humanity Publications PhD (Islamic Studies), NUML Islamabad Ex-Vice Principal of Islamabad Model College for Boys Chak- Shahzad Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-value-of-justice-a-critical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Legal Analysis of Right to Environment through Legislative and Judicial Discourse Muhammad Hassan Zia Farhana Aziz Waqas Rafiq Climate Change Environment Agriculture Floods Temperature Climate change is a great threat to Pakistan owing to its weak economic condition. Floods and storms are the consequences of rising temperatures and extreme temperatures. Rising temperature and resultant heat have raised concerns regarding food, water, and security. At the same time, water-stressed conditions have decreased agricultural yield. This research investigates all these factors that have threatened the existence of people by causing high health risks that lead to climate change-induced migration. On the basis of elaborate scrutiny of the threatened environment, its reasons, and laws enacted in this regard, researchers here chalk out certain recommendations to protect and preserve the environment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/legal-analysis-of-right-to-environment-through-legislative-and-judicial-discourse https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Appraisal of Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act 2007 in the Context of the Criminal Justice System in Pakistan Saman Zahra Atika Lohani Fair Trial Forensic Science Forensic Evidence Forensic Law Criminal Justice Modern technologies have revolutionized the spectrum of commission of the crime, and in that respect; it is significant that the prevention of crime and its strategies should be evolved to keep at the pace with the scientific revolution. The impact of forensic evidence on the criminal justice system is undeniably crucial due to advancements in science and technology. The investigation, forensic analysis and role of such evidence in the trial of the civil or criminal matters are notably lacking academic attempt to find a practical coherence and correlation among these three aspects encircling victim and accused. This paper briefly discusses the role of Forensic Science in criminal justice and its impact in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. This paper engages in the analysis of Forensic Science Agency Act 2007 with an aim to highlight the shortcomings in this law to improve it further. Humanity Publications Advocate High Court. Assistant Professor, Law College, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/an-appraisal-of-punjab-forensic-science-agency-act-2007-in-the-context-of-the-criminal-justice-system-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Money Laundering a Financial Crime: How Pakistan Deals with It? Naheeda Ali Kanwal Iqbal Khan Money Laundering Corruption Terrorism Funding Financial Action Task Force Drug Trafficking Market Manipulation Financial Crime Money laundering (ML) is a worldwide delinquent that needs to be addressed by every state. Its purpose is to hide or promote illicitly. The illegal actions generate financial flows, including diverting resources away from economically productive activities that may influence financial sectors and the external stability of the state. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the other anti-money laundering (AML) programs are one of the strategies to prevent ML, but still, there is a need to know more about the existing laws and regulations to avoid this crime. This research examines the legislative frameworks used to combat ML, how it works, and what modification is required. The qualitative method was used in this study to analyze statutes, local and international protocols. It suggests that the latest amendment creates multiple essential modifications and is carefully prepared to address legal glitches, assuring effective AML legislation and trying to meet international guidelines. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/money-laundering-a-financial-crime-how-pakistan-deals-with-it https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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States obligations on Terrorism and Anti-Terrorism laws in Pakistan: An Overview Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan Arif Saqib Shahbaz Bushra Bannian Terrorism Counter-terrorism International law Human rights Pakistan's legal framework The growing debate on terrorism is sensitive, and its effects are dreadful. States are under international legal obligations to respect, protect and fulfill people's basic human rights without discrimination and distinction.States are required to remove the effects of terrorism, which are outrageous and alarming. In this context, this article focuses on terrorism and International law. It aims to analyze provisions of international law pertaining to terrorism and to present ways to establish universal peace. It analyses the relevant United Nations (UN) resolution sand international legal documents to evaluate the States' obligations. It also analyses the legislation of Pakistan on terrorism as a case study for identifying the lacuna's and loopholes in the existing legal framework. Based on the legal framework, the paper elaborates on the obligations of states in relation to terrorism. It argues that laws on terrorism in Pakistan are sufficient. However, there is needed to implement laws effectively in order to meet growing challenges. There is still a need for improvement in the implementation mechanism pertaining to counter-terrorism measures taken by Pakistan. The line of argument is that states must conform to norms of international law in practical terms, and universal peace can only be established if social justice is guaranteed and human rights protection at every level is ensured. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Lecturer of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/states-obligations-on-terrorism-and-antiterrorism-laws-in-pakistan-an-overview https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Constitutional Amendments in PML (N)'s Government (2013-2018): Role of PPP as Major Parliamentary Opposition Shaista Gohar Sumayya Tasneem Sarwat Pakistan Muslim League (N) Pakistan Peoples' party Parliamentary Opposition Constitutional Amendments Government opposition party in the Parliament towards constitutional amendments that were put forwards in Parliament bythe Pakistan Muslim League (N) as the ruling party during 2013-2018. This research article investigates theresponses and reactions of various PPP legislatures towards the constitutional amendments passed in the NationalAssembly as well as in the Senate of Pakistan. This research paper also analyzes the role of the PPP parliamentarianin the 21st, 22nd,23rd, and 31st constitutional amendments. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/constitutional-amendments-in-pml-ns-government-20132018-role-of-ppp-as-major-parliamentary-opposition https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Implementation and Incorporation of International Treaties into Domestic Law of Pakistan: A Case Study of International Space Law Treaties Shakeel Ahmad Fazal Rabbi Ahsan Riaz Pakistan Muslim League (N) Pakistan Peoples' party Parliamentary Opposition Constitutional Amendments Government Countries routinely sign bilateral and multilateral treaties that oblige them to abide by their terms.Ratification of the international treaty requires that common law countries should incorporate the treaty into domestic law. English common law serves as the foundation for Pakistan's legislation governing the reception of international treaties. The rationale of the common law system typically does not directly incorporate international treaties but requires separate enabling legislation so that there should be no conflicting legal provisions between national law and the provisions of the relevant treaty. The rationale behind incorporation varies as per constitutional requirements and the interest of the state. This paper provides the general explanations in the context of the common law legal system specific to Pakistan; as a case study, international space law treaties have been discussed to provide the answer to why incorporation and implementation is an important steps. Humanity Publications Erin J. C. Arsenault Research Fellow at the Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/implementation-and-incorporation-of-international-treaties-into-domestic-law-of-pakistan-a-case-study-of-international-space-law-treaties https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Gauging the Basis of Gendered Crime in Pakistan: Depicting the Insider's View of the Key Players Noreen Saher Irage Marjan Hadiba Kanwal Gendered Crime Violence Against Women Patriarchy Desensitization Pakistan In Pakistan, crime against women is a notable daily issue. As explored by Mughal (2018), certain violent norms like honor killing are glamorized and desensitized in the name of culture and tradition, which can put live sat stake. Consistently, this phenomenon is contributing to the rate of crime against women, how crime is aligned with the honor and dignity of the group/tribe and why both men, as well as women, extend support to the offenders who indulged in criminal offenses against women. This issue has been missed out from insiders' view in the current literature. Consistently, qualitative research has been conducted to explore this missing between practice and research and contribute to the body of literature. This field data has been acquired from prisoners from Adiala jail to assess the influence of religion-patriarchy-based cultural values on their understanding of crime. Additionally, the professionals serving in law enforcement agencies have also been reached out to explore their perception of the ongoing practices of crime against women and its impact on pursuing cases against criminals. The results show that ingrained religion-patriarchal cultural values have created a general mindset that prevails in all segments of society, i.e., commoner-professional, men-women, offenders- officers working in the judicial system etc.; and in turn, desensitizes crime against women Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad Lecture, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, GIFT University, Gujranwala 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/gauging-the-basis-of-gendered-crime-in-pakistan-depicting-the-insiders-view-of-the-key-players https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Productive Waqf Impact upon Pesantrens' Self-Sufficiency: A Comparative Study of Pondok Modern Tazakka Batang and Pondok Pesantren Modern Sulthon Auliya Jakarta Mujiyanto Muhammad Jumain Nagina Gul Mir Hassan Productive waqf Pondok Modern Tazakka Batang Pondok Pesantren Modern Sulthon Auliya Jakarta Self-Sufficiency This research is aimed at assessing the implementation of a productive waqf program aiming at empowering Pondok Pesantren towards a self-sufficient educational institution. Research is conducted at Pondok Modern Tazakka Batang Central Java and Pondok Pesantren Modern Sulthon Auliya East Jakarta. To identify the impact of productive waqf on pesantrens' self-sufficiency, a comparative study is conducted. The data-collection method used in this study is by distributing questionnaires and conducting direct, in-depth and in directinter views with key stakeholders connected to waqf management at the Pondok pesantren to study the implementation of a productive waqf scheme for self-sufficient funding and to provide the reliable and affordable cost for qualified and modern education. The study finds that (1) Pondok Modern Tazakka Batang is more self-sufficient than Pondok Pesantren Modern Sulthon Auliya Jakarta since the former implements a productive waqf scheme successfully, permanency of fund source to support the operational costs and expand, infrastructure, and better welfare of teachers staff. Humanity Publications School of Government and Public Policy, Indonesia. Assistant Professor of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. MS. Scholar, School of Government and Public Policy (SGPP), Indonesia. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-productive-waqf-impact-upon-pesantrens-selfsufficiency-a-comparative-study-of-pondok-modern-tazakka-batang-and-pondok-pesantren-modern-sulthon-auliya-jakarta https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Appraisal of Cases under Section 9(c) of The Control of Narcotic Substance Act 1997 and the role of Forensic Evidence Atika Lohani Aamir Abbas Expert Evidence Oral Evidence Chemical Examiner Forensic Evidence Chain of Custody Narcotic Substances The role of forensic and chemical expert evidence is increasingly vital due to technological and scientific advancements changing the social, economic, political, and cultural trends. This paper considers exploring the role of forensic and chemical expert's evidence under the control of narcotic substance laws as prevail in Pakistan.The analysis is conducted on cases involving section 9(C) CNSA 1997 from the last five years, 2017-2021. To further narrow down the research, the cases were limited to the petitions filed for leave to appeal in the Supreme Court for the reappraisal of evidence which afforded an opportunity to see how the superior courts in Pakistan have been dealing with the cases involving forensic and chemical analyst's reports. The result of the analysis suggests that the legal framework for control of narcotics is well developed, and judicial policy is to consider expert evidence in corroboration with other material facts otherwise the expert evidence is excluded. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Law College University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Law College, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/an-appraisal-of-cases-under-section-9c-of-the-control-of-narcotic-substance-act-1997-and-the-role-of-forensic-evidence https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Corporate Social Responsibility: A Commercial Law Perspective Naheeda Ali Kanwal Iqbal Khan Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Governance Financial Performance Commercial Law Corporate Strategies Board Resolutions Social Growth. The disparity between the affluent and the poor in Pakistani society has widened. Although the state's "invisible hand" control is the cause of sustainability, there are numerous places where it may be improved. This study investigates the tight relationship between Commercial laws, social responsibility, and systematic development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a commercial law viewpoint. It also examines a correlation between CSR and Corporate Governance about Corporate Financial Performance, as well as the impacts of corporate strategies, Board resolutions, and decisions on corporate performance through various aspects of the 4Ps (People, Purpose, Process, and Performances). The study concludes that we can only get better results by combining all with the law, mainly through CSR activities. This research aims to enhance Pakistan's long-term commercial and social growth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/corporate-social-responsibility-a-commercial-law-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Freedom of Information in Pakistan: Social and Legal Perspective Ambreen Abbasi Article 19 A of the Constitution of Pakistan Expression Freedom of Information Pakistan. Over Seventy years have passed since independence, but the colonial system of governance, which excluded public participation in the formulation and implementation of public policy, continues to exist in Pakistan. Citizens have lost confidence in the system and have developed an attitude of apathy towards issues of larger public concern. Recently the inclusion of Article 19(a) recognizing freedom of information in the Constitution as a fundamental right is a step in the right direction; however, mere inclusion in the list of fundamental rights will not serve any purpose unless the practice of this right is facilitated through the development of a system and removal of hindrances in the free flow of information. An effective FOI regime is a need of time. In order to conduct this research, qualitative research methodology was applied, and the instant article was part of the author's PhD research. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Faculty of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University (IIUI), Islamabad, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/freedom-of-information-in-pakistan-social-and-legal-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Lawyers' Tale in the History of Indian Subcontinent: An Analytical Study of the Mughal Imperial System and Classical Hindu Law Sardar M. A. Waqar Khan Arif Saqib Shahbaz Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Lawyers British India Mughal Emperors Hindu law Vakil Lawyers do have many skills, but their training and work are client-centered. Therefore, the major considerations remain in the interests of clients. Lawyers did play an important role in the administration of justice.The history of the legal profession and the role of Lawyers has been expounded by many scholars in their writings.However, this article focuses on representation through Lawyers in British India and analyses textual data of classical Hindu law. In the reign of Mughal emperors, particularly Muhiyuddin Muhammad Awrangzib (1658-1707), representation through lawyers was recognized, and even to date, the role of lawyers plays a significant rolein order to secure ends of justice and prevention of abuses. The paper critically discusses representation by lawyers, their role and their duties in British India. In particular, it analyses the text of classical Hindu law by contextualizing the text of Classical Hindu Books. Finally, it establishes that for the first time in the reign of Aurangzeb, Vakil-e-Sarkar or Vakil-e Shara were appointed as lawyers (Vakils) to defend the State in the suits filed in every district. It also finds that classical Hindu law recognizes representation through lawyers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/lawyers-tale-in-the-history-of-indian-subcontinent-an-analytical-study-of-the-mughal-imperial-system-and-classical-hindu-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Political Patriarchy: An Obstruction in the Way of Optimum Performance by Women Legislators from KP Sumera Farid Basharat Hussain Political Patriarchy Women Legislator KP Pakistan Women constitute half of the global population, but their voice in the policy making bodies is absent.Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf introduced reserved seats for women at all three levels of the country's politic sin 2002. This study about the performance of women legislators of KP revealed that as opposed to the provincial assembly of KP, women's contribution to parliamentary business in the national assembly was better than men's.Moreover, the political patriarchy was found to hinder the participation of women in the decision-making.Women MNAs on reserved seats were not given funds rendering them unable to involve in community projects and develop vote banks and brighten their prospects of contesting elections in future. Women MPAs in the KP assembly received discretionary funds, but there have been allegations that their respective parties used it for political gains, and the money was spent in the constituencies of male members on general seats Humanity Publications Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Department of Criminology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/political-patriarchy-an-obstruction-in-the-way-of-optimum-performance-by-women-legislators-from-kp https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Judicial Activism , Constitutional Challenges in the United States Ahmad Raza Noman Gul Azmat Ali Shah Judicial Activism Independence of Judiciary Colonial Legacies Mega projects in the State are difficult to be protected under constitutional jurisdiction. It is difficult fora judge to make any decision in the light of a prevailing law legislated by a parliament. The changing image of courts has culminated in the role of the legislature as the subservient organ, which no more remains a supreme body in the State. This factor badly affected the democratic development in the State. This new trend has originated in court-centric and imperialistic judges who have to play their role beyond the constitutional parameters to redress the core issues of society. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/judicial-activism-constitutional-challenges-in-the-united-states https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analytical Study of Crime, Intelligence and Education Abdul Ghaffar Korai Ahad Ghaffar Abdul Samad Crime Intelligence Education Over the past century, criminological study on intelligence has gone through a lot of ups and downs.Numerous studies in the first quarter of the 20th century labelled criminals as "mentally retarded" or "mentallysick". The connection between criminal behavior and intellectual capacity has drawn a lot of attention in the literature. We provide evidence for the empirical connection between crime and education in this essay. A significant discovery was the inverse relationship between criminal activity and education levels. However, it must be made sure that education leads to crime as the direction of causality. The effect of education on crime and intelligence gathering is covered in this article. To effectively describe our topic, we investigate intelligent systems and models. Crime-fighting education at the school level is crucial for everyone in order to lower crime rates,according to research on the relationships between crime, intelligence, and education. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Law at Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University of Law, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Law Student at Govt. ABD Law College Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Student at Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hungary, Europe. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/analytical-study-of-crime-intelligence-and-education https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Qualitative Study on the Litigant behavior of Advocates in Pakistan Abid Khan Sana Mukhtar Ashraf Ali CJS Pakistan police Legal Executive Jails Indictment Probation Investigating advocates' litigant conduct is an intriguing goal of the current study. The psychological component of litigant behavior, particularly in advocates, is revealed by this qualitative study. A total sample(N=10) with an equal number of licensed advocates (n=10, 5 men and 5 women) was purposefully chosen. With the aid of earlier literature, the interview protocol-a semi-structured questionnaire-was devised to delve deeply into the litigious behavior of the participants. The extensive interviews were done, recorded on tape, and then written down. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to identify themes from the majority of the data in order to determine the litigant behavior. Humanity Publications MS Scholar Psychology, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology University, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer Psychology, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology University, Islamabad, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/qualitative-study-on-the-litigant-behavior-of-advocates-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393256 2022-06-30 glsr

Qualitative Study on the Litigant behavior of Advocates in Pakistan Abid Khan Sana Mukhtar Ashraf Ali CJS Pakistan police Legal Executive Jails Indictment Probation Investigating advocates' litigant conduct is an intriguing goal of the current study. The psychological component of litigant behavior, particularly in advocates, is revealed by this qualitative study. A total sample(N=10) with an equal number of licensed advocates (n=10, 5 men and 5 women) was purposefully chosen. With the aid of earlier literature, the interview protocol-a semi-structured questionnaire-was devised to delve deeply into the litigious behavior of the participants. The extensive interviews were done, recorded on tape, and then written down. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to identify themes from the majority of the data in order to determine the litigant behavior. Humanity Publications MS Scholar Psychology, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology University, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer Psychology, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology University, Islamabad, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/qualitative-study-on-the-litigant-behavior-of-advocates-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393257 2022-06-30 glsr

Fragmented International Law and Uncertainties Related to Dual Use Space Technology Shakeel Ahmad Fozia Naseem Ahsan Riaz Military Objectives Precaution Dual Use Space Technology Civilian Applications Satellites Global Positioning Systems If an attack is ever carried out on an outer space object, it will require the relevant international law to be referenced. This includes the laws concerning international humanitarian law, international space law, and general international law. However, present legal frameworks are insufficient to provide a clear answer to which outer space may be utilized for military purposes. In this context, the advancement of space with dual applications presents a more complex situation for the application of laws. Attacks on the ground-based space systems or strikes on space-based assets are not fully covered by either international law or the IHL. The potential responses of the current legal frameworks to dealing with space weapons and dual-use technology are limited. This paper aims to explore how international law deals with the use of force in space. It focuses on the limited scope of the law dealing with dual-use technologies and space weapons. Humanity Publications Erin J. C. Arsenault Research Fellow at the Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/fragmented-international-law-and-uncertainties-related-to-dual-use-space-technology https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Walter Benjamin vs. Carl Schmitt: Giorgio Agamben Intensifies the Debate on the State of Exception Syed Sami Raza State of Exception Giorgio Agamben Carl Schmitt Hans Kelsen Dialectics Walter Benjamin In his book State of Exception, Giorgio Agamben seeks to build a public law theory of the state of exception. The concept is in its evolution for a century now. The initial philosophical debate on it, an explicit one,took between Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen. Apart from it, according to Agamben, an implicit debate between Walter Benjamin and Carl Schmitt. Excavating and analyzing this debate, Agamben demonstrates that Benjaminsubverts Schmitt's effort to justify and rationalize exceptions to (the rule of) law. While Agamben Agamben'sreenactment of the debate between Benjamin and Schmitt is illuminating and valuable for conceptual purposes, Iargue in this essay, by engaging a textual analysis approach, that his highlighted juxtapositions are asymmetric,the arguments are reiterative, and the dialogic ends up in ambiguity. Humanity Publications Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for India and South Asian Center (CISA), University of California Los Angeles, United States 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/walter-benjamin-vs-carl-schmitt-giorgio-agamben-intensifies-the-debate-on-the-state-of-exception https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Systematic Reflection on the Constitutional Rights and Socio-Political Marginalization of Religious Minority in Pakistan Syeda Qurat Ul Ain Khalil Ur Rahman Muhammad Islam Minority Participation Discrimination Population Politics This study examines the political participation of minorities with special reference to constitutional and to highlights problems and barriers from a respondent-centred perspective. Owing to the nature of the study, primary and secondary sources were used to explore the constitutional rights of minorities and to know about the representation of minorities in provincial and federal assemblies of Pakistan. The data reveal that although the numbers of seats for minorities in the national and provincial assemblies have been reserved no increase is made for a long period. Furthermore, minorities have shown very little success in the general election because of the faith-based voting behaviour in Pakistan. It is concluded from the study that few of minorities have shown great success in the political arena but they still need more political representation in local, provincial and nationalpolitics in Pakistan. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-systematic-reflection-on-the-constitutional-rights-and-sociopolitical-marginalization-of-religious-minority-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Panama Leaks Case, 2016: Reaction of PPP as Parliamentary Opposition towards PML (N) Government Shaista Gohar Yunas Khan Shazia Noareen Panama Leaks Case Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) Pakistan Peoples Party Judicia Commission Parliamentary Opposition Judicial Inquiry Team (JIT) The Panama Papers, which number nearly 11.5 million pages, were leaked in private. This paper revisited the Panama papers leaks and the connection of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from PML (N) in it. As a result of the leaks, Pakistan's Supreme Court heard a significant case against Nawaz Sharif, the country's prime minister, and the opposition parties responded to the case in different ways. This paper particularly revealed the reaction of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) as a major opposition party in the Parliament of Pakistan towards the PML (N) Government. This paper presented the views of major PPP leaders and legislatures about the Panama Leaks Case. This study uses the qualitative technique and is based on the collection of both primary and secondary data. Selected interviews of politicians, held in 2021 conducted as primary data, and journal publications and largely trustworthy newspaper articles were selected as secondary data. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia College, University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. District Education Officer (DEO), Literacy Department, Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/panama-leaks-case-2016-reaction-of-ppp-as-parliamentary-opposition-towards-pml-n-government https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393828 2021-06-30 glsr

Constitutionality of Law-making Process in Pakistan: A Critical Appreciation Mumtaz Ali Hafiz Aziz Ur Rehman Parliament Separation of Powers Judicial Review Legislation This is the age of information and awareness. Democracy cannot flourish without the involvement of the governed in all aspects of political life. Like good citizens, a question comes to mind to ask whether the Parliament of Pakistan is without any limitations in the area of legislation or whether there are constitutional limitations in this regard. Because it is the motto of a good citizen to obey punctually but to censure freely. With qualitative research methodology, this research paper examined both primary and secondary sources, which included a critical analysis of constitutional provisions, other legislative instruments, published research papers, and judicial precedents, in order to theorize the concept of separation of powers in Pakistan and judicial check on the legislature so as to counter apprehension of exploitation of legislative authority. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Shariah & Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/constitutionality-of-lawmaking-process-in-pakistan-a-critical-appreciation https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Legal Landscape of Anti-Corruption in Pakistan: An Appraisal Raza Ul Mustafa Ghufran Ahmed Sheer Abbas Anti-corruption Anti-corruption Establishment Federal Investigation Agency National Accountability Bureau Corruption has been recognized as a global issue which has affected almost all the countries of the world. Corruption is considered the mother of all evils. The whole anti-corruption regime in the country has failed to curb corruption and corrupt activities. After the passage of more than seventy-five years, we as a nation are even in the worst position in terms of the development and well-being of the citizens. The main reason behind this situation is the same menace of corruption which is still pervasive and affecting every citizen of this state. This scenario shows the acute failure as well as structural and fundamental faults in the whole anti-corruption regime in the country in an unequivocal manner. With the help of analytical research methodology, this article discusses a brief history of the anti-corruption regime in Pakistan. It also depicts federal and provincial legislation on the subject of anti-corruption. It also portrays the jurisdiction of Anti-Corruption agencies. It also investigates the failure of FIA and Anti-corruption Establishments and describes the need for a new regime. It also analyzes the impact of parallel anti-corruption forums. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Visiting Director, Earnest Hearing System Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, International Space Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, UAE. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/legal-landscape-of-anticorruption-in-pakistan-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393833 2021-03-30 glsr

Development of Constitutionalism in Pakistan: An Appraisal Sheer Abbas Ghufran Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa Constitutionalism Constitution Fundamental Rights Legal Constitutionalism Political Constitutionalism The phenomenon of constitutionalism serves as a safeguard against the arbitrary use of power and is necessary to ensure rule of law in society. Traditionally, there are two types of constitutionalism; legal and political. The former justifies judicial review as an important constitutional tool and acknowledges the unique role of the judiciary in enforcing rule of law in society. The latter questions the democratic legitimacy of judicial review and prefers democratic parliamentary procedures on political decisions. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this Article explores historical developments influencing the outlines of Pakistani constitutionalism. It highlights limitations and challenges in relation to constitutionalism in the formative period of the country. It also provides an insight into the colonial constitutional practices before the independence of Pakistan. After that, there is a discussion of the pivotal judgments that had a profound impact on constitutionalism in the country. The abrogation of the first Constitution and promulgation of a new Constitution under the military regime and the attitude of courts during this period also form part of this article. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, International Space Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, UAE. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Visiting Director, Earnest Hearing System Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/development-of-constitutionalism-in-pakistan-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ibne Battuta: His Experiences as a Judge/Qadi in Medieval India Sheer Abbas Ghufran Ahmed Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri Ibne Battuta Rihla Delhi Diwan-e-Mazalim Siyasa Shariya Muslim Dynasties Medieval India Ibne Battuta is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. "Journey"). He visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands in thirty years. He is generally considered one of the greatest travellers of all time. During his journey, he met many religious scholars, jurists, Sufis, Judges/Qudat, chief justices and kings. He entered India on the day of the new moon of Muharram, the first day of the year 734 A. H., which was 12 September 1333 C.E. during the reign of Muhammad bin Tuglaq. He was appointed as judge/Qadi of the capital; Delhi city. He remained for six years as a judge of Delhi. Later on, he was also appointed as a chief judge of Al-Muhal Jazira of the Maldives. Although the role of Ibne Battuta as a judge in Delhi is not much action when he became a chief judge of the Maldives, he played a very active role in enforcing Islamic law, Islamic traditions and rule of law. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, International Space Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, UAE. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant District Public Prosecutor, Anti-Terrorism Court Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/ibne-battuta-his-experiences-as-a-judgeqadi-in-medieval-india https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ascending Climate Pollution and its Repression: Role of Discordant Environmental Laws beyond Preemption Samza Fatima Muhammad Bilal Sana Ullah Khan Mother Nature Challenges Climate Negligence Global Community Unbearable Extent Campaigns Environmental Issues Laws Nature provides living creatures with the material resources to fill up their bio needs. From that point of inception, earth has been catering to the needs of homo-sapiens but, now, it has become worn out and exhausted because of the carelessness of its inhabitants and so requires vigorous attention. Many challenges are weathering upon her and various other health issues are also balancing out the natural phenomenon. To cure and wipe out the threats posed by diseases and challenges, the first and foremost step is to diagnose the issues and cure them by creating 4wthe awareness and making effective legislation. The diagnosis will lead towards remedies. The cure can best be served collectively, by strong legislation and effective mechanism. This research paper analyses environmental issues and examines the Laws dealing with them. The methodology used in this study is doctrinal employing an exploratory approach. Humanity Publications Associate Professor of Law, Principal, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor of Law, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate District and Sessions Court. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/ascending-climate-pollution-and-its-repression-role-of-discordant-environmental-laws-beyond-preemption https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Criminal Justice System in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of Cross-Examination in Courts Muhammad Imran Cross-Examination Criminal justice system Criminal trials Investigation Pakistan The use of the Art of Cross-Examination in criminal trials in Pakistani courts is negatively affecting the outcomes of cases because of prejudice and hostility on the side of cross-examining lawyers and hostile witnesses.The finest person to hone the art of cross-examination is a dedicated legal expert skilled in witness examination methods. The criminal justice system in Pakistan is generally in disrepair. The three components of the criminal justice system that require improvement are the police, the prosecutors, and the court system. The primary focus of this study was on cross-examination in Pakistani criminal courts, not on other conflict-resolution strategies.Even the best trial attorneys must perform under cross-examination since it is a challenging tactic. The majority of the research's sources came from online sources, academic publications in libraries, and works by local and international researchers. A witness for the opposing side who had already testified was questioned during cross-examination. The cases of Pakeeza Bibi, Zakir Jafri Noor Muqaddam, Sughran Bibi, and Salma Bibi were investigated. A witness' testimony, knowledge, or credibility was confirmed or challenged through a cross-examination. This investigation leads to the conclusion that cross-examination is a methodical process. The strict regulations, well-established methods, and distinctly measured strategies of the examiner increase the chances of success. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/criminal-justice-system-in-pakistan-a-critical-analysis-of-crossexamination-in-courts https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Arbitration can Ease the Courts Ahmad Abdul Rehman Khan Abida Hassan Zeerak Elahi Alternative Dispute Resolution Arbitration Courts Parallel System UNICTRAL Confidentiality Awards Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a solution to cater for a load of cases from ordinary courts. The commercialization of the whole world in recent years demands a parallel system for the resolution of disputes in a speedy and less costly manner. Therefore, legislation of different countries working on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is more focused on arbitration. This article explains how factors of neutrality and confidentially in arbitration proceedings enhanced its demand in recent decades for the resolution of conflicts between private parties and state-to-state as well. Due to the narrow grounds of appeal against the award of arbitrators and a broader scope of enforcement of the award, parties are more comfortable in settling their disputes through arbitration. Notwithstanding, third-world countries, including Pakistan, are reluctant to legislate laws on ADR, especially regarding arbitration, that should be focused to build confidence among national and international investors. Humanity Publications LLB (PU) & LLM (UMT), Advocate High Court, Ahmer Bilal Soofi & Co. Law Firm, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor (Law), University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate, L.L.B, University of London, ABS & Co. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/arbitration-can-ease-the-courts https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393866 2022-06-30 glsr

Framing of Abrogation of Article 370 in the US and UK Press: A Content Analysis of the New York Times and the Guardian Musaddiq Suleman Bin Yamin Khan Rooh ul Amin Khan Historical Frame Legal Frame Nation-State Frame Law & Order Frame Democracy Frame Humanitarian Rights Frame Pak-India Frame Other Frame This Research Paper is an attempt to investigate how leading newspapers in the US and UK framed the issues of Kashmir after the revocation of Article 370. Using the content analysis method this study also aims to understand the frames used in the news stories and Editorials published by these newspapers, from August 5th, 2019 to August 5th, 2020. A total of 113 news stories with numerous frames have been published in both “The New York Times and The Guardian”. The former newspaper published 54 news stories with 13 on the front page and 41 on the international page. While "The Guardian" published 59 news stories with 11 on the front and 48 on the international page. Similarly, a total of 17 Editorials were published during a one-year period whereas "The New York Times" published 8 with both positive and negative tones.   Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Communication & Media Studies, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media & Communications Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/framing-of-abrogation-of-article-370-in-the-us-and-uk-press-a-content-analysis-of-the-new-york-times-and-the-guardian https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393885 2022-06-30 glsr

Islamic Approach towards the Fundamental Rights Regarding Arrest and Detention Fozia Naseem Haleema Sadia Rukhsana Shaheen Waraich Islam Human Rights Enforced Disappearance Islamic Law Protection Pakistan is an Islamic state which came into being in the name of Islam. The state religion is Islam according to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. According to the constitution, no law can be enacted in Pakistan against the teachings laid down by Quran and Sunnah. The reason why any legal research is incomplete without discussing the Islamic Perspective is incorporated in Article 228 of the Constitution, according to which all the laws must be in conformity with the injunctions of Islam. 14 centuries ago, Islam gave a complete code of conduct for the entire humanity. This means, that when no such formal developed legal systems were present, Islam came forward for the protection of the rights of people. Quran and Sunnah constitute the primary sources of Islamic law. The reason behind this is quite genuine, the divine message from Allah Almightyis present in the shape of the Holy Quran, and that message is translated by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) which is called Sunnah. Islamic law derives its authority from these two primary sources. This research which aims to discuss the Enforced disappearances rotates around basic Human Rights such as the right to a fair trial, the right to due process of law, the right to protection from arbitrary arrests etc. As already discussed, any research is incomplete without being validated by Islamic law. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mirpur, AJ & K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/islamic-approach-towards-the-fundamental-rights-regarding-arrest-and-detention https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393904 2022-03-30 glsr

Development of Constitutionalism in Pakistan: An Appraisal Sheer Abbas Ghufran Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa Constitutionalism Constitution Fundamental Rights Legal Constitutionalism Political Constitutionalism The phenomenon of constitutionalism serves as a safeguard against the arbitrary use of power and is necessary to ensure rule of law in society. Traditionally, there are two types of constitutionalism; legal and political. The former justifies judicial review as an important constitutional tool and acknowledges the unique role of the judiciary in enforcing rule of law in society. The latter questions the democratic legitimacy of judicial review and prefers democratic parliamentary procedures on political decisions. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this Article explores historical developments influencing the outlines of Pakistani constitutionalism. It highlights limitations and challenges in relation to constitutionalism in the formative period of the country. It also provides an insight into the colonial constitutional practices before the independence of Pakistan. After that, there is a discussion of the pivotal judgments that had a profound impact on constitutionalism in the country. The abrogation of the first Constitution and promulgation of a new Constitution under the military regime and the attitude of courts during this period also form part of this article. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, International Space Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, UAE. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Visiting Director, Earnest Hearing System Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/development-of-constitutionalism-in-pakistan-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393945 2022-06-30 glsr

Women Empowerment through Legislative Reforms in Pakistan: A Historical Analysis Sumaira Gul Hina Bahadur Shandana Women's Empowerment barriers Opportunities Pakistan UN Rights Society The constitutional standings of Pakistani females and the importance and efficiency of existing laws on women’s legal and political empowerment in Pakistan will be the core focus of this study. In this paper, the effect of government determinations for the empowerment of women were examined. The concept of women's empowerment has gained popularity globally but in Pakistan it is facing many challenges due to various social taboos. There are a number of contexts in which the question of empowerment of a Pakistani woman can be considered, but the most critical one is the law: How laws relating to women’s authorized constitutional rights are framed is essential to determine. This research will try to analyze the obstacles to the actual implementation of legislative acts introduced for women empowerment. Furthermore, this paper will also suggest some policy recommendations to ensure women leadership skills and vertical empowerment in the country. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/women-empowerment-through-legislative-reforms-in-pakistan-a-historical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394025 2021-06-30 glsr

Analysis of Terrorism Definition under Section 6 in Anti- Terrorism Act 1997 Naila Rafique Sarfaraz Khan Anti Terrorism Constructive Superior Courts Pakistan and Interpretation To curb terrorism the Anti-Terrorism Act was sanctioned on 1997. The Aim of this act was to give a speedy result. There are numbers of ordinary cases within the jurisdiction of ATA. It is disturbing and uncertain why these cases were added in ATA. As a result, the difference arises between ordinary crime and terrorism act has been unclear and blurred. It plays a dual role i.e. constrictive and contextual (Kruglanski & Fishman, 2006). In constrictive role it is helping the interpretation of difficult and ambiguous provisions and the contextual role is helping in the meaning of the text. There are ambiguity presents between superior courts of Pakistan about the terrorism definition and range, which is present in the definition section of this Act (Daraz etl, 2012). Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre of Causaian, Asian Chinese and Pakistan Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-terrorism-definition-under-section-6-in-anti-terrorism-act-1997 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394121 2022-03-30 glsr

Regulating Geoengineering Technologies to Address Climate Change: An International Law Perspective Hazrat Usman Nazim Shahab Qamar Muhammad Usman Subhani International Law Geoengineering Technology Environmental Law Governance Framework International Cooperation This research paper delves into the need for an international legal framework to regulate geoengineering technologies as the impacts of climate change become increasingly pressing. The paper explores the ethical and environmental principles that should guide the regulation of these technologies, as well as potential human rights implications. The role of public participation, liability and compensation mechanisms, and the precautionary principle are also examined. The paper stresses the need to consider the perspectives and interests of the Global South and recommends further research on the impact of these technologies on marginalized communities and developing countries. Ultimately, this interdisciplinary paper provides insights and recommendations for the development and governance of geoengineering technologies, contributing to the ongoing conversation on climate change and environmental law. Humanity Publications Advocate High Court, Rawalpindi Bar Association, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar, Right to Information KPK, Pakistan. Department of Law, Mohi Ud Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/regulating-geoengineering-technologies-to-address-climate-change-an-international-law-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394281 2022-03-30 glsr

Unpacking the Dynamics and Constitutional Limitations of Judicial Activism in Pakistan Farhaj Sikander Yar Khan Naghma Farid Muhammad Siraj Khan Judicial Activism in Pakistan Constitutionalism Judicial Preeminence Article 184(3) has been applied in judicial activism situations. During the 1980s, its utilization exploded. The functions of each organ have been delineated by the Constitution; for a robust democracy, a strong judiciary is inevitable. Since the Lawyer movement, many changes have occurred. In Pakistan's federal court, the role of the chief justice is particularly unique. Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry and Judge Mian Saqib Nisar have been instrumental in implementing Article 184(3) of the Constitution. Some significant cases have been resolved. It has increased the public's faith in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. In the aftermath of Saqib Nisar, nearly all chief justices followed a philosophy of judicial restraint. The paper examines constitutional characteristics of judicial activism in Pakistan; a qualitative study employing content analysis for secondary data and court decisions, acts of parliament, and personal statements for source data has been done. Humanity Publications Ph. D Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/unpacking-the-dynamics-and-constitutional-limitations-of-judicial-activism-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394759 2019-12-30 glsr

An Analysis of General Pervaiz Musharraf’s Devolution Plan Saima Rafique General Pervaiz Musharraf Devolution Plan Decentralization President Musharraf introduced a devolution and decentralization plan for good service delivery and fiscal reforms at the grass-roots level, but he consolidated his power base in the disguise of this plan and was restricted by strong opposition. Hopes for the growth of grassroots leadership, political grooming, women's engagement, and the freedom of minorities, workers, and farmers were in trouble as the administration of President Musharraf dissolved. This study investigates Musharraf's Devolution plan, which was put into action in Pakistan in the year 2001. The study finds the quality of public services has made it possible for some degree of local autonomy to exist. It is also helpful for determining why the devolution plan is so off the wall, which is another way of saying "off the deep end." Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Political Science, Govt. College for Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/an-analysis-of-general-pervaiz-musharrafs-devolution-plan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2019(IV-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394780 2020-06-30 glsr

History of Hindutva Ideology: Massive Violations of Minority's Rights in India Muneeba Shahid Uroosa Ishfaq Kashif Ashfaq Hindutva Extremism Hinduism Massacre Riots Pluralism Hindutva, commonly indicated as the nationalism of Hindus, is a thought based on extremism that expects toward destruction of India's common structure and change the nation into a Hindu state. Hindutva isn't something very similar to the religion of Hinduism., both Hindutva and Hinduism are modern concepts, Hindutva is an ethnic-nationalist or religious-patriot philosophy that derives from the old Indian conventions that have been organized together today under the umbrella of "Hinduism". This article explores the history of Hindutva and the different associations that advocate this ideology. V.D. Savarkar and M.S. Golwalkar who played their role in the promotion of Hindutva ideology Hindu extremism against Muslim minorities and different historical incidents happened to Muslims in the past that how in a pluralistic society of India many individuals are deprived of their fundamental rights are also discussed in the following research. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/history-of-hindutva-ideology-massive-violations-of-minoritys-rights-in-india https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395275 2020-06-30 glsr

National Courts and International Law: The Global Role of Domestic Judicial Institutions Laraib Fatima International Judicial Function Domestic Courts Consistent Interpretation International Obligations Judicial Settlement of International Disputes This research paper examines the crucial role played by domestic courts in the development, interpretation, and enforcement of international law. It explores the evolving relationship between domestic legal systems and international legal norms, highlighting the impact of domestic courts in ensuring the effective application and promotion of international law. The findings emphasize the need for continued collaboration and cooperation between domestic courts and international tribunals to maintain the rule of law and protect human rights. It aims to determine if and to what degree the national courts are actually taking on and carrying out the international judicial role that is entrusted to them by international law. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of Law, Qurtaba University, Dera Ismael Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/national-courts-and-international-law-the-global-role-of-domestic-judicial-institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395360 2019-12-30 glsr

Continuity and Changes in the Administration of FATA (1947-2017): A Case Study of Frontier Crime Regulation Sohail Ahmad FATA Frontier Crime Regulations FATA-KP Merger FATA Reforms FATA is a region within Pakistan that is often termed a "lawless region". It is governed through colonial-era discriminatory law i.e. Frontier Crime Regulation. Under FCR, the plight of the people of FATA was unimaginable. There have been reforms in the FCR in the past but they couldn't mainstream the people of FATA. The historic decision of the FATA-KP merger will lead the people of FATA from FCR to constitutionalism. This paper attempts to study the continuity and changes in the administrative structure of FATA since the inception of Pakistan till now. The paper ends with the logical decision to merge FATA with KP. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/continuity-and-changes-in-the-administration-of-fata-19472017-a-case-study-of-frontier-crime-regulation https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2019(IV-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395361 2019-12-30 glsr

Human Rights and Journalism in FATA Areeja Syed Azka Gull Journalism FATA Reforms Human Rights Tribal Belt Journalism in Pakistan is a challenging profession for various reasons; however journalism in the tribal region is an entirely different story. Journalists of the erstwhile FATA endanger their lives every day to earn a minimal amount, some don't even get paid. The past years particularly in 2017 and 2018 saw a renewed wave of violence against the media personnel. The constitutional amendment has been passed and FATA reforms are in play, it is time for the policymakers to work along extending PEMRA laws to the tribal districts, Tribal journalists face intimidation, threats, and pressure from the military as well as the militants. Government and state institutions need to ensure their safety, end the violence against them, end financial exploitation, and work on rehabilitating the displaced journalists from the tribal belt. Humanity Publications Research scholars, MSIR, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research scholars, MSIR, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/human-rights-and-journalism-in-fata https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2019(IV-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395501 2021-06-30 glsr

The New Frontier of Warfare: Evaluating the Role of International Humanitarian Law in Cyber-Crimes Saima Razzaq Khan Rubab Azmat Ali Shah Modern Warfare Techniques Cyber Attacks and International Humanitarian Law People & governments have become dependent on computer networks in the last few decades. Both the military & people use these networks to do things like shop online and control radars. A country's computer network system is very important from a military point of view in war. International Humanitarian Law is hard to follow when computers are used to help the military win a war. Schmidt (2017) there are at least two ways to look at whether or not IHL applies to cyber war. These ways of doing things are "permissive" and "restrictive." After looking at both of these ways of thinking, this article suggests that the most important thing to consider when applying the IHL to cyber-operation during a war is how it affects civilians. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-new-frontier-of-warfare-evaluating-the-role-of-international-humanitarian-law-in-cybercrimes https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395607 2016-12-30 glsr

An Analytical Study of The Law Relating to Triple Talaq in Islam Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig Constitution Pakistan United States Judicial Review This research aims to explain and deal exclusively with the triple Divorce in one sitting. Islam with its practical and realistic outlook recognizes divorce but is disliked in Islam and considered a necessary evil which is inevitable only in certain circumstances. There are certain situations in which it becomes humanly impossible for the couple to carry on relation as husband and wife. Instead of dragging on with a forced relationship in a miserable and bitter way, it would be more conducive to the welfare of parties to part with grace and goodwill. I have tried to elaborate on the necessity and significance of triple Divorce. Then Islam introduced the reforms and put an end to the oppressive and limitless series of divorcing. Although, the husband's right to divorce was not revoked by Shariah however certain limits, terms and conditions in the exercise of this right were imposed by it. Women were also protected by granting them the right of maintenance and dower and were allowed the right of Khula if their husbands treated them badly. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/an-analytical-study-of-the-law-relating-to-triple-talaq-in-islam https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2016(I-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395915 2021-06-30 glsr

Digital Courts in Pakistan: Can Technology Bridge the Access to Justice Gap? Kamran Abdullah Digital Courts; Access to Justice; Pakistan Judiciary; E-Justice; Digital Divide; Procedural Fairness; Court Reform The paper discusses the opportunities offered by the digital courts in Pakistan to overcome the access-to-justice gap that is very high in Pakistan, marked by long delays, high costs, and complexities in the processes. A mixed-methods study, the research analyzes administrative data, litigants and lawyers surveys, as well as interviews with judges and court employees. The results show that online cause lists, case tracking, and e-notices are used to provide digital services that help ease the travel and cost burden of the users, especially in urban centers. Nevertheless, the rural and low-income users encounter obstacles that concern connectivity, digital literacy, and assistance. The paper has concluded that although digital courts have the potential of enhancing access to justice in Pakistan, the effectiveness of this transformation will rely on improved infrastructure, facilitation access to the disadvantaged users, and provision of procedural guidelines that will emphasize fairness and transparency. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of shariah and law, Islamia college Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/digital-courts-in-pakistan-can-technology-bridge-the-access-to-justice-gap https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393816 2022-09-30 glsr

A History of Alternative Dispute Resolution: Analyzing its Role and Significance Mehnaz Begum ADR IJS mediation Negotiation Conciliation Arbitration The research paper covers the historical analysis of how legal systems—both formal and informal—that were in place in various civilizations and historical periods were used to settle conflicts. This study briefly examines the development of several legal systems in antiquity. This study demonstrates that while both platforms were supported by human civilizations dispute resolution (ADR) was the most often used method globally and is still in practice today. According to research, people through the ages have chosen dispute resolution (ADR) above formal litigation as their preferred method of resolving disputes. The advantages and significance of resolving disputes through an informal judicial system have been demonstrated by research. The study shows that the ADR mechanism has been very effective in the past and with simple and cost-effective methods of dispute resolution, it can provide speedy access to justice today. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sharia and Law, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-history-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-analyzing-its-role-and-significance https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393922 2022-09-30 glsr

Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018: A Critical Appraisal Junaid Jan Aas Muhammad Farah Amir Transgender Persons Act Gender Identity Fundamental Rights Right to Equality Pakistan, since its independence, has failed to ensure fundamental rights to the transgender community. This marginalized community was deprived of their gender identity, education, health facilities, access to public rights, and employment. Although the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 is on point, various segments of society are making it controversial claiming it to be promoting same-sex marriages or LGBT. The study employs analytical and descriptive research methods to present a clearer picture of the newly enacted Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018. Analysis of the Act provides that Gender Identity and Gender Self-Perception were long-awaited and most celebrated by the Transgender Community to exercise the rights enshrined under the Constitution. Moreover, there are some challenges in the effective implementation of these rights such as issues regarding voting and political participation, kinship, inheritance, gender identity and marriage. The study presents a pragmatic approach to resolving such outstanding issues. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-act-2018-a-critical-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393957 2022-09-30 glsr

Dynamics of Indian Human Rights Violations: A Case Study of Resurgence of Freedom Struggle In IIOJ&K Rahat Iqbal Shahid Afridi Social Movement Framing Violence United Nations Counterinsurgency South Asia has witnessed one of the most protracted social movements for liberation in India Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Since 1947, despite UN resolutions in favor of granting the right of self-determination to the people of Kashmir, India has not shown compliance. With the shrinking of hopes for a political solution, however, once again, the resurgence of freedom struggle in the Indian Illegal Occupied Jammu and Kashmir provoked by the killing of a young Kashmiri freedom fighter named Burhan Uddin Wani in 2016 was further triggered by the abrogation of article 370. Hence, this research study aims to highlight the resurgence of the freedom struggle and the Indian hard power response towards a political solution and also to examine the uncompromising political approach towards Kashmiris, as well as the lackluster response of the international community particularly the Western bloc. This paper investigates the dynamics of human rights violation in Kashmir by the Indian armed forces through the lens of framing theory and theory of conflict analysis. Humanity Publications Associate Director, Research in Center for International Strategic Studies, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistance Professor, Department of International Relations, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/dynamics-of-indian-human-rights-violations-a-case-study-of-resurgence-of-freedom-struggle-in-iiojk https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393967 2022-09-30 glsr

Forensic Evidence in Criminal Justice System in Pakistan Ali Ajmal Faiza Rasool Criminal Evidence Forensic Investigation Forensic evidence is holding an important position in criminal justice systems all over the world. It is not only relevant in a criminal investigation but also in prosecution. The role of forensic evidence in the criminal justice system in Pakistan has increased significantly due to the advancement in forensic science. The courts in Pakistan are relying heavily on forensic evidence in relevant matters. The main objective of this research is to discuss the role, importance, nature, and the evidentiary value of forensic evidence with respect to the criminal justice system in Pakistan. It is found that the role of forensic evidence in Pakistan is not at par with the modern world as it is not being properly used in Pakistan. There is a dire need to improve legislation, institutional structure and stakeholders' capacity dealing with forensic evidence in the light of the recommendations made in this study. Humanity Publications LL.M, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/forensic-evidence-in-criminal-justice-system-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393996 2022-09-30 glsr

Navigating the Gray Area: A Comprehensive Analysis of Cyber Warfare and its Relationship to the Law of Armed Conflict Hazrat Usman Raja Ishtiaq Ahmed Syed Suliman Ali Cyber Warfare Armed Conflict International Law Distinction Principle Proportionality Principle This scholarly research delves into the interplay between the realms of cyber hostilities and the norms governing the law of armed conflict. It commences by meticulously defining cyber warfare and expounding upon its multiple forms, including incursions into vital infrastructure, cyber espionage operations, and the deployment of malicious software. Subsequently, the study scrutinizes the legal paradigm that regulates the deployment of military force in the realm of cyberspace, encompassing the United Nations Charter and the Tallinn Manual. Additionally, the paper conducts a thorough examination of the difficulties encountered in the application of the law of armed conflict to the realm of cyber warfare, such as the complicated nature of attributing cyber-attacks and the absence of precise regulations for proportionality. Lastly, the paper proffers constructive recommendations aimed at resolving these challenges and identifies avenues for future research. In sum, the paper endeavors to furnish a comprehensive comprehension of the legal quandaries associated with cyber warfare and possible methods to address them. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, Mohi Ud Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor/Head of Department, Department of Law, Mohi Ud Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. LLM, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/navigating-the-gray-area-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-cyber-warfare-and-its-relationship-to-the-law-of-armed-conflict https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393905 2022-12-30 glsr

Enforced Disappearances in International Law and Regional Comparison: An Analysis Fozia Naseem Humail Zainab Muhammad Abdullah Bin Umar Human Rights Disappearance Violation International Law United Nation Dignity The concept of Human Rights has evolved over the time. With the human rights violations on the international level, the urge to create uniform human rights charters and treaties has increased. The main reason was the surging violations which lead the world community to devise some strategies and to create such internationally binding treaties which will ensure the protection of Human Rights. The very first in this series was the United Nations charter. But the very first document pertaining to human rights exclusively was the United Nations declaration on Human Rights (UDHR) which was formulated in year 1948. This declaration, although notbinding in nature, is of extreme importance because it inculcates nearly all the basic human rights guarantees.Enforced disappearances is not just an offence which violates a single right, rather it is an offence which violates a set of basic human rights. In this way the severity of the offence increases. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. LLM Scholar, College of Law Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. LLM Scholar, College of Law Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/enforced-disappearances-in-international-law-and-regional-comparison-an-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:393966 2022-12-30 glsr

Insanity Defense in Criminal Cases in Courts in Pakistan Ali Ajmal Farooq Umair Niazi Faiza Rasool Crime Insanity Insanity Defense Proof of Insanity The insanity defense is an affirmative defense against the criminal liability of a person suffering from mental disorder. Pakistan incorporated McNaughton Rules in section 84 of Pakistan Penal Code, 1898 according to which a person cannot be held guilty of committing a crime if such a person, at the time of the commission of a crime, was suffering from such a mental disorder which rendered him/her incapable of knowing the nature of the act. This article discusses the substantial, procedural, and evidential law on the defense of insanity in Pakistan in criminal cases in light of the judgments of the superior courts. Furthermore, this article discusses the recent developments in criminal law regarding the defense of insanity in Pakistan. The findings of this research hold implications for legislatures, jurists, judges, lawyers, psychiatrists, psychologists, forensic experts, and policy makers. Humanity Publications LLM, Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/insanity-defense-in-criminal-cases-in-courts-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394034 2022-12-30 glsr

Recognition of Islamic Jurisprudence to the People’s Republic of China’s Model of Awarding Capital Punishment to the Convicts of Financial Corruption Bakht Munir Ekaterina Gavrishyk Sumia Khan Corruption China Financial Islam Pakistan All state governments make their efforts, at their levels, to curb the hazard of corruption. Financial corruption is a menace to every society. Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China awards the punishment of death to the culprits of heinous financial corruption. In Pakistan, the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA),  National Accountability Bureau (NAB), and Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) are making their best efforts to eradicate this evil. Islamic jurisprudence provides only limited offenses where the death penalty is settled as punishment. Whether Islam can adopt this punishment, is a question, not considered by early Muslim jurists in their academic works. The Qur’anic conception of punishments is broad enough to accommodate the needed adjustments, which this article attempts to do. This research helps facilitate legislature to handle the question of whether or not it can award the death penalty to financial corrupts in light of Islamic injunctions. Humanity Publications University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Languages and Linguistics (ILL), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. LL.M Scholar, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/recognition-of-islamic-jurisprudence-to-the-peoples-republic-of-chinas-model-of-awarding-capital-punishment-to-the-convicts-of-financial-corruption https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394058 2022-12-30 glsr

Human Cost of War: Examining Atrocities and Human Rights Violations Amna Munawar Noman Javed Zia Ur Rehman War Human Rights Violation Atrocities Humanity Communities War crimes not only cause immense suffering to individuals and communities but also undermine the very principles of humanity. The article provides an examination of some of the most heinous war crimes against humanity in recent history. The cases of the Holocaust, the Bosnian war, the Rwandan genocide, the Syrian war, the Palestine-Israel conflict, and the ongoing human rights violations in Kashmir are discussed in detail. These case studies highlight the devastating impact of war crimes on individuals, communities, and entire nations, and serve as a stark reminder of the importance of ensuring that the principles of international humanitarian law are upheld during the conflicts. By studying these case studies, the research gives an understanding of the complexities of war and how human rights violations can arise during times of conflict. Ultimately, this article serves as a call to action, urging all nations and individuals to work together to guard the rights of all people, regardless of their race, religion, or political beliefs. Humanity Publications Research Officer, Department of Parliamentarians Commission for Human Rights, Islamabad, Pakistan. LLM/ITL, Advocate Islamabad High Court, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/human-cost-of-war-examining-atrocities-and-human-rights-violations https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Panacea for Retrieval of Expeditious Justice in Pakistan Samza Fatima Syed Kaleem Imam Delayed Justice Alternative Dispute Resolution Arbitration Negotiation Mediation The perpetual reverberating maxim “Justice delayed is justice denied” has fragmentary implementation as mere fragment “justice delayed” is operating in Pakistan due to obstacles like intricate and protracted judicial and procedural processes in legal system of Pakistan that resultantly not only debars dispensation of expeditious justice but also makes the justice exorbitantly expensive. The paper by accentuating the causes of obstructive delays in justice demonstrates Alternative Dispute Resolution as a panacea for retrieval of inexpensive and expeditious justice in Pakistan. This paper explores that the existing laws of Pakistan on Alternative Dispute Resolution have slightest implementation; hence this paper is an endeavors to build judicious cognizance of Pakistani legal system for Alternative Dispute Resolution as the proper execution of Alternative Dispute Resolution techniques can change the fate of delayed justice in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Associate Professor of Law, Principal, University Gillani Law College, Baha Uddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Former Secretary, Narcotics Control Division, Former Inspector General of Police. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/alternative-dispute-resolution-a-panacea-for-retrieval-of-expeditious-justice-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(VII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Implications of Law of Inheritance in South Punjab: Responses and Challenges "1999- 2018" Rehana Kousar Robina Yasmeen Inheritance Right Women South Punjab Owning and controlling inherited property and assets can benefit women economically, socially, politically, and psychologically. However, in South Punjab's culture, women are often denied their fair share of an inheritance, and many voluntarily give up their rights. The purpose of this study is to understand this phenomenon by examining the societal myths and cultural roles that justify denial from successfully claiming their inheritance in South Punjab from 1999 to 2018. D.G. Khan and Multan divisions were selected. The study utilized a purposive sampling approach and recruited 200 females without cases, 200 who filed cases and 20 bureaucrats. Three in-depth interview guides were created to collect data. The findings reveal that cultural and traditional beliefs mediate denial and submission. While traditional customs of South Punjab like Watta Satta and forced marriages and unawareness of rights were common. To address the issue, cultural narratives should be deconstructed, records should be made transparent, and awareness should be increased. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/implications-of-law-of-inheritance-in-south-punjab-responses-and-challenges-1999-2018 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Potential Legal, Policy and Management Approaches to Enhance Marine Plastic Regulation Abid Hussain Chen Haisong Bushra Bibi Plastic Treaty Plastic Regulation Regional Cooperation SDGs Soft Law Policy Governance Waste Management This paper proposes options for regulating marine plastic pollution in the upcoming global plastic treaty. The paper highlights the multifaceted nature of plastic pollution and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to regulating marine plastic pollution. It examines potential amendments to the existing international legal framework, presents target and action-oriented international measures, and explores the significance of soft law agreements, regional cooperation, and rivers-oriented regulation. The paper concludes by discussing the potential of integrating these measures into the proposed plastic treaty. These options provide a starting point for global discussions on marine plastic pollution regulation and aim to inform the development of effective and efficient policies to address this urgent global problem. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Research Institute of Environmental Law (RIEL), School of Law, Wuhan University, China. Professor, Research Institute of Environmental Law (RIEL), School of Law, Wuhan University, China. PhD Candidate, Research Institute of Environmental Law (RIEL), School of Law, Wuhan University, China. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/exploring-potential-legal-policy-and-management-approaches-to-enhance-marine-plastic-regulation https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Judicial Activism within the Restraints of India's Constitution & its Strictures Farhaj Sikandar Yar Khan Baloch Muhammad Siraj Khan Naghma Farid Constitutionalism Judicial Independence Political Activism. Courts of India The interpretation of the Indian Constitution by the Supreme Court has established legal precedents in various sectors, such as education, environmental protection, property rights, and access to safe drinking water. The Supreme Court's decisions now hold the ultimate authority, even over parliamentary amendments. The judiciary's involvement in administrative and legislative matters has been fueled by weaknesses in the political structure. Although the judiciary was weakened during the 1970s emergency, it has regained strength in recent decades. Judicial power has been able to fill the void created by unconstitutional dismissals. The authority of Indian courts has expanded through judicial review, the interpretation of fundamental rights, addressing environmental issues, constitutional modifications, and judicial appointments. This study explores the boundaries of judicial activism within the framework of the Indian Constitution. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University Of Science & Information Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/judicial-activism-within-the-restraints-of-indias-constitution-its-strictures https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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CJS: Pre-Conviction Detention and Question of Double Jeopardy. A Critical Study of the Legal Status of the Death Penalty in Pakistan Ali Raza Laghari Adnan Khan Pre-conviction Detention Death Penalty in Pakistan Double Jeopardy The individual right to personal security in any State should include those guarantees which enable a person to live his daily life and plan his future without the threat of arrest and imprisonment or the fear of severe and unjust punishment. Due to various reasons, the People of Pakistan do not trust the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan. In the criminal cases covering the death penalty accused persons are kept in prisons for years and on completion of trial they are convicted for capital punishment which is also executed. This article discusses whether the death punishment awarded and executed to a person after keeping him for many years in custody amounts to double jeopardy. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University of Law, Karachi/Assistant Professor, Institute of Law, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Advocate Supreme Court of Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/cjs-preconviction-detention-and-question-of-double-jeopardy-a-critical-study-of-the-legal-status-of-the-death-penalty-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Legal Impact of Distribution of Dividend Policy on Share Price in Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Shaista Azmat Ali Sehrish Chiragh Share Price Volatility Corporate Dividend Dividend Yield Hausman Test and Legal Impacts This empirical study examines the controversial relationship between dividend policy and stock prices on the Pakistan Stock Exchange while considering legal implications. Sample data for 18 listed commercial banks (2012-2019) were collected from financial sources. Panel data analysis and several regression models (random effects, fixed effects, and Hausman test) were used. The study shows that cash dividends and dividend yields have a large impact on stock prices, while variables such as earnings per share, retention rates, and after-tax earnings do not. This result contributes to our understanding of the Pakistan stock market and is relevant to emerging and developing markets. However, there are limitations such as high market prices, dividend volatility, and occasional non-payments leading to the issuance of bonus shares by commercial banks. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education (Dihe), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/legal-impact-of-distribution-of-dividend-policy-on-share-price-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Introduction to the Psychology of International Law Saadat Ali Nadeem Samana Mehmood Malik Zia-ud-Din International Law Psychology Behavioral Insights Cognitive studies and behavioural economics have been successful in domestic legal concerns and are increasingly utilized in public policy and regulation, their implication in public international law scholarship has not been systematically explored. We hope to fill two voids in the literature with this research: (1) the lack of behavioural insights in international law and economics; (2) the absence of international dimensions in behavioural law and economics; and (3) the avoidance of the importance of international norms by international political psychology. This piece provides a broad overview of the many psychological perspectives used throughout the research contributions and the challenges anticipated by those pursuing this line of inquiry. Despite these caveats, behavioural studies have yielded numerous insights that could greatly advance our comprehension of international law. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/an-introduction-to-the-psychology-of-international-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Credibility and Admissibility of the Evidence of Accomplice in the Legal System of Pakistan Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig Accomplice Guilty Associates Contract Blind Murder Prosecutor The concept of an accomplice is an important concept in the QSO 1984. Courts decide the legal propositions on the basis of evidence, sometimes offences are committed in which no evidence is available to punish the wrongdoers. In such cases, there is a strong probability that the offenders can escape punishment due to the non-availability of evidence to punish the wrongdoers. In order to decide the cases of blind murders and other offences of the like nature and to punish the culprits the Prosecutor on behalf of the Government enter into a contract with some of the guilty associates to become an accomplice and to give evidence against the rest of the guilty associates. There is a hot debate among legal circles about the credibility and admissibility of the evidence of an accomplice. This article is an effort to explore the legal aspects of this topic from various angles. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-credibility-and-admissibility-of-the-evidence-of-accomplice-in-the-legal-system-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Military Courts Experiment: A Double-Edge Sword in the Fight against Political Radicalization in Pakistan Muhammad Faizan Asghar Military Courts Double-Edge Sword Political Radicalization Pakistan This research investigates the root causes of political radicalization in Pakistan from a scholarly perspective in order to understand the 9th May incident and examines the military court's role in curbing this radicalization. Although the establishment of military tribunals was motivated by a desire to combat terrorism, now it is the need of the hour to have complete plans that address issues like economic disparity, religious extremism, effective leadership, and the dissemination of positive narratives about diversity and tolerance that can help reduce the likelihood of people being politically radicalized (Siddiqi, 2018). To prevent people from getting radicalized and create a safe and welcoming society for all, a reasonable and open justice system controlled by civilians is essential. This paper tries to conceptualize how political radicalization can be tamed through military courts' existence by first (i) examining political radicalization in Pakistani society and then (ii) exploring military court establishment and significance in (iii) combating extreme ideas and preventing people from becoming politically radicalized in Pakistan. Humanity Publications h.D. Scholar, International Relations Centre for Security, Strategy and Policy Research, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-military-courts-experiment-a-doubleedge-sword-in-the-fight-against-political-radicalization-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Protection Against Self-Incrimination: An Evaluation of Legal Framework in Pakistan Waqas Rafiq Samza Fatima Muhammad Bilal Article 13(b) Constitution of Pakistan Criminal Proceedings Fair Trial Self-Incrimination This paper examines the legal framework of Pakistan in the context of the universally recognized right of protection against self-incrimination. Since there is scarce literature concerning the analysis of the statutory laws and judicial pronouncements in the light of this constitutional protection, this paper aims to bridge this gap by employing a black letter approach to doctrinal legal research methodology. Despite the explicit recognition of this right, there was extensive litigation involving several controversial and unresolved problems concerning the protection against self-incrimination in the apex courts of Pakistan. The examination of statutory laws in Pakistan shows that the protection guaranteed under Art. 13(b) has not been recognized in its full vigour and spirit, necessitating appropriate legislative reforms. The analysis of the judicial pronouncements clearly signifies the resolve of courts in enforcing protection against self-incrimination, but the courts are constrained to make a hard rule to protect individual rights. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law/Principal, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law, University Gillani Law College, Bahuddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/protection-against-selfincrimination-an-evaluation-of-legal-framework-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Scope of Judicial Review in the United Kingdom: An Overview Aas Muhammad Usama Jamil Salman Mazhar Judicial Review Constitution Rule of Law Parliamentary Sovereignty This research paper delves into the concept of judicial review in the United Kingdom, outlining its historical evolution from the seventeenth century to its contemporary significance. Judicial review empowers the judiciary to assess the decisions and actions of public authorities, ensuring the legality, procedural correctness,and propriety of these actions while maintaining checks and balances. Recent developments have reshaped this practice, influenced by political and constitutional changes like Brexit. Questions have arisen concerning the judiciary's role in relation to government and parliament actions, especially in light of Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate High Court, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-scope-of-judicial-review-in-the-united-kingdom-an-overview https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Effects of Coal-Based Energy Production on Local Community of Pakistan: Paris Agreement and Violation of Laws Abida Hassan Sadia Saeed Rao Sara Arif Effects Coal based Energy SO2 NO2 O3 Power Plant In Pakistan, for the electricity production sector; Coal- coal-based energy is preferred and it is not only in Pakistan but all over the world which is highly unfriendly for human health and high life risk is involved due to metallic pollutants and toxicological concerns. The purpose of this research is to study and examine literature on the topic and then to highlight the effects of emissions released from coal-based power production on the environment. The methodology used for this research was quantitative and qualitative, primary and secondary. Interviews with some doctors were also conducted to get their views. The study not only points out that there is a lack of appropriate assessment of these adverse coal-based energy production effects on the social and economic standards but also violating the laws and GOALS of sustainable development, green environment and health justice badly which is challenging for the future generation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Dr. Iqbal School of Law, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Manager, Human Resources, Punjab Thermal Power, Ground Floor, 7/C-1 Gulberg III, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-coalbased-energy-production-on-local-community-of-pakistan-paris-agreement-and-violation-of-laws https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Qisas and Diyat: A Critical and Analytical Study of Murder in Criminal and Islamic Law Sahibzada Aqil Munir Rabia Umar Aisha Rasool Criminal Law Monetary Reparation Qisas Diyat Collectivism Individualism Islamic criminal law is not retroactive; it still views murder as a serious offense. Any law's efficacy is established by critical examination and legislation comparison. Philosophers who identify as individualists or collectiveists support criminal law because it serves victims' rights and advances society's objectives. Diyat is financial recompense for lawful employment, whereas Qisas is a kind of retaliatory retribution. The only reason why someone should face legal consequences is if they have committed a crime. Punishment is meted out based on the merits of the criminal; justice is an aim in and of itself. According to this study, compared to secular criminal law, Islamic law takes homicide more seriously and provides heirs with more alternatives. Also, the study highlights the shortcomings of the criminal justice system and offers fixes for a trustworthy, equitable, and functional framework. Humanity Publications Department of Law, Edwardes College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Department of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Director of Program and Coordination, Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/qisas-and-diyat-a-critical-and-analytical-study-of-murder-in-criminal-and-islamic-law https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Commercial Arbitration vs. Civil Litigation in Pakistan: A Cost-Benefit Reality Check Kamran Abdullah Aisha Rasool Commercial Arbitration Civil Litigation Pakistan Dispute Resolution Cost–Benefit Analysis Enforcement Procedural Delay This study compares the cost and benefits of commercial arbitration and civil litigation in Pakistan and offers a realistic guideline to businesses to analyze their dispute resolution strategies. It can determine the real financial cost of either method using direct costs (e.g., legal fees, tribunal costs), indirect costs (e.g., business disruption, tied-up capital), time-to-resolution risk, and enforcement risk. The results indicate that arbitration may be faster, particularly when expedited, but the cost-reducing nature is not assured because of the high counsel, tribunal, and expert charges. Moreover, the benefits of arbitration can be diminished by the time it takes to implement the award. The paper ends with a decision matrix to businesses and suggestions on how to make arbitration more efficient and the ability of courts to enforce the decision so that arbitration continues to play an important role in the Pakistani legal system. Humanity Publications Deputy Registrar, Appellate Tribunal Inland Revenue, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Director Research and Publication, Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/commercial-arbitration-vs-civil-litigation-in-pakistan-a-costbenefit-reality-check https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Melting Glaciers and the Indus Water Treaty: A Looming Crisis Bushra Bibi Ke Jian Abid Hussain Climate Change; IWT; Indus Basin; India; Pakistan The Indus Waters Treaty was created in 1960 to allocate water between India and Pakistan. Climate change was not considered then, but hydrology and conflict resolution have progressed. Climate change has altered water availability, including volume, timing, frequency, and quality. Population growth, urbanization, and climatic events have impacted Pakistan’s water supply. This tension could escalate into conflict without addressing the treaty’s knowledge and practice gaps. Advancements in transboundary watercourse management, environmental monitoring, and data acquisition are necessary. Water remains a source of tension, and prompt action is needed to ensure sustainable water resource management. One possible solution to this issue is to integrate modern knowledge on climate change into the IWT and harmonize it with the current set of international water laws and regulations. Hence, it is imperative to formulate a framework enabling both countries to reach a consensus and introduce climate change-related clauses and provisions into the IWT. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Research Institute of Environmental Law, School of Law, Wuhan University, China. Professor, Research Institute of Environmental Law, School of Law, Wuhan University, China. PhD Candidate, Research Institute of Environmental Law, School of Law, Wuhan University, China. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/melting-glaciers-and-the-indus-water-treaty-a-looming-crisis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring Global Justice and Personal Responsibility in Higher Education: Teachers and Students Perspective G. Zainab Sherazi Muhammad Ihsan Khizar Hayat Higher Education Global Justice Personal Responsibility This study explored the state of global justice, empathy, and personal responsibility that is substantial for individual and social development in the globalized era. The sample of this study were teachers (n= 454) and students (n= 202) from 6 public sector universities of Punjab using a multistage sampling technique. The researcher adapted Morais and Ogden's (2019) questionnaire to collect data related to global justice, empathy and personal responsibility. Perceptions of students and teachers were analyzed through descriptive statistics by calculating percentage, mean and standard deviation. The overall study revealed medium-level situations of justice, empathy and social responsibility among students and teachers of higher education. The exploring level of global justice, empathy and personal responsibility indicates that the behaviour of teachers and students in higher education is not at par with the desired behaviour of 21st-century teachers and students. It is recommended that the higher education system should cultivate global justice, empathy and personal responsibility through training, modelling by faculty and curriculum inclusion, media, technology, arts and dialogues with civil society. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/exploring-global-justice-and-personal-responsibility-in-higher-education-teachers-and-students-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Beyond Conventional War: Cyber Attacks and the Interpretation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter Hazrat Usman Showkat Ahmad Mir Attiq-Ur-Rehman Cyber Warfare International Law UN Charter Article 2(4) Use of Force Cyber Attacks In this study, we delve into the connection between cyber-attacks and Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, which forbids the use of force. We investigate warfare's historical backdrop, the shift from traditional to nontraditional tactics, and cyber warfare's emergence. We classify various cyber-attack forms and showcase pivotal case studies that underscore their effects on national and global security. The paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of the UN Charter, particularly Article 2(4), discussing its intent, history, and interpretation. Our research tackles difficulties in applying Article 2(4) to nontraditional warfare like cyber-attacks. We scrutinize legal viewpoints and academic arguments regarding whether such attacks fall under force as per Article 2(4) while contemplating the potential consequences of interpreting it so. We explore how these findings may influence prospective cyber conflicts while offering suggestions for managing hurdles presented by such situations within international law's framework. This study deepens our comprehension of the interplay between cyber-attacks and the UN Charter's Article 2(4), enriching policy debates and promoting continued examination in this rapidly evolving domain. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, Mohi Ud Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Mohi Ud Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, Ibadat International University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/beyond-conventional-war-cyber-attacks-and-the-interpretation-of-article-24-of-the-un-charter https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Patent Protection of Digital Technologies for Food Safety Supervision Li Tian-zhi Ilyas Khan Sobia Bashir Food Safety Supervision Digital Technology Patent Protection Big Data Artificial Intelligence Digital technology innovations provide important technical support for strengthening and optimizing food safety supervision, which requires the patent system to provide appropriate protection and incentives. The utilization of cutting-edge technologies, namely big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI), presents many complexities when ascertaining eligibility for patent protection, evaluating inventiveness and carrying out patent examinations. In light of the matter at hand, it is imperative to enhance the criteria for scrutinizing patent applications of algorithms via legislative measures. Furthermore, it is crucial to bolster governmental endeavours in fostering a cadre of patent examiners with interdisciplinary expertise. Additionally, we must incentivize innovators to augment their contributions to algorithmic innovation while concurrently imposing limitations on the misuse of algorithms. These measures are indispensable to address the innovation requirements within food safety supervision adequately. Humanity Publications Lecturer, School of Marxism, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, China. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Law College, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/patent-protection-of-digital-technologies-for-food-safety-supervision https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Alternative Dispute Resolution: Concept, Criticism and Future of Arbitration and Mediation Naureen Akhtar Saadat Ali Nadeem Rao Imran Habib Alternative Dispute Resolution Arbitration Mediation Settlement Parties Court Settlement of disputes either in the courtroom or outside the courtroom requires the expeditious dispensation of justice as “justice delayed is justice denied” and “justice hurried is justice buried.” While maintaining the thin line between hurried and delayed dispensation of justice, the alternative dispute resolution processes are in trends in legal markets and are embellished with the characteristics of amicable, inexpensive, and expeditious resolution of conflict, hence, attracting the aggrieved parties to resolve their disputes through “arbitration, mediation, conciliation, and hybrid processes”. With this intent, this article explores the concept of alternative dispute resolution processes in general and arbitration and mediation in particular. Rendering qualitative methods, this article critically describes the difference between arbitration and mediation and spent ink to point out the in-depth criticism of the processes and to predict the future of techniques of alternative dispute resolution. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Law Scholar, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/alternative-dispute-resolution-concept-criticism-and-future-of-arbitration-and-mediation https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comprehensive Study of Blasphemy and Freedom OF Speech in the Light of Islamic Jurisprudence and the Pakistani Legal Perspective: A Critical Analysis Ahmad Talha Sohaib Mukhtar Muhammad Mustafa Freedom of Speech Blasphemy Islamic Jurisprudence Pakistani Laws International Convention The offence of blasphemy is one that elicits strong feelings. Every time it comes up, it kicks off a highly contentious discussion in Pakistan. Every time a new event takes place in Pakistan, the country's blasphemy laws are thrust into the spotlight. After doing an in-depth investigation into the matter, one discovers that it is a very serious crime, and as a result, strong action needs to be taken against the person responsible for it. The blasphemer is subject to the mandatory death sentence under Islamic law. In a similar way, the legislation of Pakistan calls for the imposition of a fine in addition to the death penalty and life imprisonment. This law has received a great deal of criticism, the most common of which is the assertion that it is used to target and persecute members of minority groups as well as adversaries on the basis of personal grudges. The problem can be solved by enhancing the preliminary stages of the experiments. Humanity Publications LLB/LLM (International & Maritime Law), Department of Law, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. LLB/LLM (International & Maritime Law), Department of Law, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-comprehensive-study-of-blasphemy-and-freedom-of-speech-in-the-light-of-islamic-jurisprudence-and-the-pakistani-legal-perspective-a-critical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Review of International Laws and Principles Governing Business and Human Rights Miftahuddin Khilji Muhammad Fayaz Human Rights International Law Human Rights and Business Human rights are closely interlinked with business, and this relationship has extensively been of fundamental emphasis to international law. Multinational corporations (hereinafter, MNCs) and business enterprises, due to their influential nature, often escape weak domestic regulations. This article examines international law governing BHR and explores the reasons for the convergence from voluntary measures to binding law. It elaborates on the role of the International Bill of Rights in addressing human rights protection in the context of business activities. It then delves into UN non-binding measures that have been endorsed in the past, highlighting their significant standards and the ongoing relevant debate. Furthermore, the article examines the progression towards a binding treaty. While acknowledging that a binding treaty may not completely solve the complex issue of BHR violations, it argues that it can encourage states to align their national legislations and strengthen existing non-binding instruments such as ‘National Action Plans’. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor/HOD, Department of Law, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-review-of-international-laws-and-principles-governing-business-and-human-rights https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Macroeconomic Stability, Government Policies, and Financial Market Development: A Global Analysis of Transparent Governance, Anti-Monopoly Measures, and Legal Frameworks Fahad Hussain Muhammad Ziaullah Asghar Hayyat Financial Market Development Macroeconomic Stability Government Policies Ceremonial (Parliamentary) System Countries (Presidential) System Countries Legal Framework This study explores the interplay between macroeconomic stability, government policies (transparency, anti-monopoly measures, legal frameworks), and financial market development. Drawing data from 125 countries over 11 years (2007-2017) with both parliamentary and presidential systems, various regression models are employed, including Ordinary Least Squares, Random and Fixed Effect Models. Prais-Winsten Regression addresses heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Results show a strong positive correlation between macroeconomic stability and financial market development. Transparent governance, anti-monopoly measures, and robust legal frameworks contribute significantly to both stability and financial growth. Transparent governance notably enhances the relationship between macroeconomic stability and financial market development globally and in presidential systems, but not in parliamentary systems. Effective anti-monopoly policies play a notable role in parliamentary systems, while legal frameworks maintain a positive influence across all scenarios. These findings are valuable for policymakers, investors, and researchers, informing their decision-making processes. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/macroeconomic-stability-government-policies-and-financial-market-development-a-global-analysis-of-transparent-governance-antimonopoly-measures-and-legal-frameworks https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Psychological Flaws in Judicial Decision Making Saba Karim Sardar Ali Shah Amir Latif Bhatti Psychological Flaws Judicial Decision-making Implicit Biases Noise Heuristics The judges' decision-making always plays a very significant role in governance and the judicial system. The fortification of judicial decision-making is generally considered different aspects that operate on different levels: external and internal factors. This study examines the various Psychological flaws, i.e. Implicit Biases, Heuristics (mental shortcuts), and Noise (varied judgments at different times) in judicial decision-making. This  research incorporates the shreds of evidence from various documents, articles and books. Then it explores the internal factors of environment, fatigue, mood, multitasking, and others which cause judges to be inclined toward these flaws. Furthermore, this doctrinal research tries to find valuable ways to reduce these effects. Eventually, it is concluded that judges are mostly being accountable for the code of their conduct, not for the decisions they make. Whether they are free from implicit bias, heuristics and noise? The more conscious and effortful decisions, along with the Checklists, Feedback and Accountability system of judges, can improve fairness and justice in the 21st century. Humanity Publications LLB from University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Law, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Civil Judge & Judicial Magistrate, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/psychological-flaws-in-judicial-decision-making https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan Sehrish Neik Ch Shumaila Jamal Internet Dispute Dispute Settlement Trends E-commerce Legal Scheme and E-court The quantity of traders is increasing in Pakistan day by day. Regulation of internet trading at the state level is an unavoidable reality. Online trading has been systematically included in the Online Dispute Resolution Scheme, which is an alternative dispute resolution format. Several multinational hawkers, such as Amazon and Ali Baba, are embracing ODR mechanisms to ensure trading is more resourceful and less reliant on traditional civil law remedies and time-consuming court procedures. This study includes observation of several industrialized countries and the international framework to introduce ODR as a paradigm. It includes an in-depth examination of online trade and ODR, as well as the reasons behind Pakistan's judiciary's unwillingness to include these entities in its legal scheme. It will deliberate the utilization of E-Mediation and E-arbitration and its connections to online trading. Moreover, certain examples will also support the article's goal, shortcomings, and limits as well as some recommendations for Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/international-inclination-towards-online-dispute-resolution-trends-and-issues-in-virtual-commerce-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Modus Operandi of Activism vis-à`-vis Passivism: Legal Rhetorics in Pakistani Jurisprudence Samra Shahzadi Pakistan Democracy Rule of Law Judicial Activism The study explores the reasons behind the paradigm shifts in Pakistani jurisprudence where the judiciary shifts its practices between activism and passivism. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan as a state functions in a way where the system works on the basis of power-sharing between the executive, legislative and judicial branches, however, the judiciary usually steals the limelight with every changing politico-historical phase. Judicial activism and passivity are very much rooted in the socio-historical realities of the country. Judicial activism, which is the practice of judicial power to enunciate and impose counter-ideologies, which once applicable pledges meaningful recodifications of power dealings inside the institutions of the governance, depicts the political part performed by the judiciary. As a significant organ of the state, it plays a vital role in the constitutional machinery of the state by interpreting the laws as well as monitoring the executive and legislature. This activism and passivism have both positive and negative impacts on the state of affairs in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Advocate, High Court, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/modus-operandi-of-activism-visvis-passivism-legal-rhetorics-in-pakistani-jurisprudence https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultural Paradigms And The Evolution Of Women's Inheritance Rights In Pakistan: A Trajectory Analysis Farhana Aziz Rana Muhammad Hassan Zia Muhammad Sufyan Zia Women Rights Inheritance Pakistan Religious laws Genders This paper explores the complex interactions between cultural paradigms and the development of women's inheritance rights in Pakistan and illustrates the historical lineage, legislative reforms, and issues that have impacted the trajectory of women's inheritance rights within the larger framework of Pakistani society with special attention on the legal aspect. The study clarifies the nuanced history of women's inheritance rights in Pakistan by examining the roles played by cultural norms, legal systems, and societal views. Despite being protected by law, the denial of women's inheritance rights continues to be a complex issue that has a negative impact on Pakistan's sociocultural and economic landscape. The systematic exclusion of women from public life in Pakistan results from deeply ingrained patriarchal norms woven into the fabric of traditional and social structures. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Law, University of Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/cultural-paradigms-and-the-evolution-of-womens-inheritance-rights-in-pakistan-a-trajectory-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Risk Factors of Criminal Recidivism into Criminal Activities Abida Hassan Sadia Saeed Rao Balqees Amjad Risk Factors Criminal Activities Recidivism Social Environment This study has focused on the risk factors of criminal recidivism. Criminal recidivism was measured in terms of relapsing into criminal behaviour or re-indulgence into criminal activities. Idealistically, prisons are places of recreation and regeneration but realistically, prisons inflict more harm to prisoners than is expected. There are factors in abundance available that negatively affect prisoners. The prominent among them are environmental factors which result in a high degree of criminal recidivism among prisoners. Since the objective of the prisoner's environment is to humiliate prisoners as much as possible, therefore, the resulting deviance among the prisoners is highly probable. Moreover, prisons are places of punishment for prisoners as a consequence of their involvement in crimes. They are subjected to a very harsh time so that they can refrain from crimes. However, this subjection results in furthering criminal recidivism as a result of the unconducive environment in the prisons.The data was collected from 100 criminals who were rearrested by police for committing crimes repeatedly. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Law, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate High Court, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/risk-factors-of-criminal-recidivism-into-criminal-activities https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Legitimacy of Child in Pakistan with Special Reference to Islamic Law and Medical Sciences: An Appraisal Fozia Naseem Babar Shaheen Aoun Muhammad Madni Legitimacy Child Islamic Law Medical Science DNA Legitimacy of a child is the most sensitive issue to be discussed although there are many issues in relation to the presumption of legitimacy of a child, they remained the same for a long period of time mainly because of the excuse of religion. This research is related to the Legitimacy of a Child in Pakistan reference to Islamic Laws and Medical Science. In Pakistan, the legitimacy of a child is dealt with according to Article 128 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 and Muslim Personal Laws. In this, I discussed the inconsistency of some laws with medical science. I have also proposed some more ways to determine the legitimacy of a child rather than using laws available in Pakistan as a sole entity. It is important to determine the paternity of a child as it leads to succession, maintenance, guardianship, inheritance and much more. This research also highlights the importance of re-formulation of present laws related to the legitimacy of a Child in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer College of Law, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate, High Court, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/legitimacy-of-child-in-pakistan-with-special-reference-to-islamic-law-and-medical-sciences-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development of Copyright in Global Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan Muhammad Shahzad Copyright Laws Copyright Ordinance 1962 Global Perspective Qualitative Analysis This study aims to investigate the development of copyright laws with the lens of a global perspective; thus shedding light on the challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. This study employed quantitative methodology and analyzed the data of the Copyright Ordinance of 1962 with a content analysis approach.Different concepts were developed and a brief discussion was made to examine the efficacy and their implications in the light of protection of the copyright laws, procedures to claim damages, compensation and power of attorney to use the original work of the authors or creators. The study concluded the world has moved forward at the same pace they developed in every walk of life but Pakistan was far behind in implementing the copyright laws in its original spirit. The study recommended Pakistan enhance its trust and widen its credibility by ensuring strict implementation of copyright laws. The study may open new avenues for future researchers and examine various angles of copyright while keeping in view the challenges, issues and opportunities in third-world countries. Humanity Publications Assistant Controller, Examination Branch, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/development-of-copyright-in-global-perspective-challenges-and-opportunities-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Feminist Struggle in Pakistan: A Battle for Women Rights Amer Liaquat Chattha Patriarchy Women's Rights Secular The equal rights movements ushered by minorities, races, ethnicities and classes have gained momentum and achieved some success in past. As the world moves on to the eradication of disparities and procurement of more advanced rights, feminism is in the spotlight, advocating for equal rights for women, who are hardly seen as part of societies dominated by men. In order to secure their basic rights, women began to claim that they were persecuted and treated as second-class citizens bv patriarchy-dominated societies. This research paper sheds light on the feminist struggle and activism in Pakistan considering the historical background, and various methodological approaches, and brings forth major findings that need to be addressed. The article employed mixed research methods integrating a qualitative approach based on scholarly literature, policy formulation, surveys, and interviews and draws analysis about the role of feminist activism in raising awareness against the oppressive norms, culture, and traditions of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Deputy Director Research, Provincial Assembly of Punjai >, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/feminist-struggle-in-pakistan-a-battle-for-women-rights https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The buildup to the National Security Law in Hong Kong: From Structural Contradictions to Direct Violence Ali Hamza Humayun Javed Hong Kong Structural Contradictions Direct Violence Indirect Violence Negative Peace and Positive Peace The political scene of Hong Kong both before and after the transition from British to Chinese authority was one of negative calm - the absence of violence. Sino-British Joint Declaration (1984), for instance, & a mini-constitution (i.e., Basic Law) picturing the city's future under the People's Republic of China were to guarantee the public's autonomy in politics and social rights. Nevertheless, Hong Kong's political context evolved from poor peace (with the Joint Declaration providing a foundation for positive peace) to indirect and ultimately direct violence. The writings that envisioned "a substantial amount of autonomy" and "democratization" were riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions. The rise of the National Security Act continued this aggressive trajectory, in which underlying conflicts created cycles of continual violence that were originally entrenched in structure but became explicitly evident at a level of mindset and subsequently conduct after 2014. Humanity Publications BS, Political Science, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. BS, International Relations, National Defense University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-buildup-to-the-national-security-law-in-hong-kong-from-structural-contradictions-to-direct-violence https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Some Reflections on “Shariah Clauses” of Islamic Finance Contracts Shafiq ur Rahman Muhammad Tahir Muhammad Shahid Contract Shariah Interest Riba Shariah Risk Islamic finance Choice of Law This study delves into resolving financial disputes on Shariah contract clauses involving parties from different jurisdictions. There is a lack of explicit references to Shariah law in the choice of law clauses in financial contracts. The study emphasizes the complexity of applying Shariah principles due to different interpretations. The jurisdictions lacking Shariah law expertise on Islamic finance disputes may set unfavorable precedents.  The recommendations include strengthening local jurisdictions in Shariah-based legal systems by training judges and arbitrators. Encouraging Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) to adopt Shariah compliance procedures, collaboratively developing unified IB&F Law, offering mechanisms of comprehensive training of legal practitioners, promoting confidence in local courts, creating a collaboration platform, and developing a comprehensive handbook for adjudicators, etc. are recommended measures to enhance Shariah-based dispute resolution and maintain credibility, stability & growth of Islamic finance sector. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty, School of Law, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor & Head of Department, Department of law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Advocate High Court, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/some-reflections-on-shariah-clauses-of-islamic-finance-contracts https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Critical Analysis of the Ups and Downs of the British 1832 'Great' Reform Act Garel Ngatsongo Armel Mbon Didier Arcade Ange Loumbouzi truggle the 1832 ‘Great’ Reform Act Tyranny Democracy This work scrutinises the British struggle for the 1832 ‘Great’ Reform Act by exploring its ups and downs. It, in fact, aims at showing that that Reform Act does not deserve the qualifier ‘Great’ put in inverted commas. Through the historical perspective, the findings have revealed that the 1832 Reform Act took much time to be recognised and passed by Parliament, because political leaders at that time were tyrants and hated all sorts of change. In the long run of time, the bill was then adopted and became law under the masses’ pressure and upheaval. However, after its passage, the political system was slightly changed and the idea of democracy in Britain was, indeed, still a mere masquerade. There were no salaries of MPs, no secret ballot, no regular parliaments, no vote for women, no abolition of property qualification and no constituencies of the same size. It is evident that this appellation is but window dressing. So, this historical misconception should be reviewed and corrected. Humanity Publications Typical course, Department of Modern Foreign Languages, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo. Standard Course, Department of Languages and Literatures, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo. Standard Course, Department of Modern Foreign Languages, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/a-critical-analysis-of-the-ups-and-downs-of-the-british-1832-great-reform-act https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Submit, Defend, and Persuade: The Renaissance of eloquence and Communication Skills for Lawyers Aisha Rasool Fazli Dayan Ommunication Skills Lawyers Effective Communication Legal Professional Effective communication skills are crucial for lawyers to advocate for clients, persuade adjudicators, and engage in meaningful dialogue. However, due to modern emphasis on technology and legal expertise, these skills have been overlooked. Traditional education, a lack of focus on interpersonal and communication abilities, and the use of plain English have led to a gap between theoretical importance and practical application. This paper explores the importance of communication skills in the legal domain, highlighting the role of oral eloquence and persuasive speech in shaping legal outcomes. It also critiques the use of legal jargon in legal submissions, highlighting the need for legal professionals to recalibrate their communication strategies to bridge the gap between specialized knowledge and accessible discourse. Humanity Publications Director, Research & Publications, Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Grand Asian University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/submit-defend-and-persuade-the-renaissance-of-eloquence-and-communication-skills-for-lawyers https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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China's Marine Protected Areas Legal Challenges and Global Engagement within and Beyond National Jurisdiction Aamir Sohail Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction BBNJ Agreement Biodiversity Conservation China Marine Protected Areas This paper explores the legal challenges and global engagements surrounding China's Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) within its national jurisdiction and beyond, including its participation in the negotiations concerning marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). With over three decades of MPA management experience, China has established more than 250 sites, yet needs to improve its effectiveness. The study highlights obstacles such as the absence of systematic approaches, inadequate regulatory frameworks, governance inefficiencies, and conflicts between conservation and exploitation interests. Furthermore, the paper examines China's participation in international discussions on marine biodiversity, particularly its involvement in negotiations related to MPAs under the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (the BBNJ Agreement). By addressing these issues, this study contributes to informed decision-making and effective strategies for marine conservation in China and globally. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Candidate, Research Institute of Environmental Law, School of Law, Wuhan University, China. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/chinas-marine-protected-areas-legal-challenges-and-global-engagement-within-and-beyond-national-jurisdiction https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Safeguarding Children's Rights: Ensuring Hearing and Consent in Family Cases Post-Parental Divorce with Recommendations Ghulam Nabi Abbasi Sajjad Ali Channa Ameer Ali Khokhar Child Custody. Child welfare Family Court Muhammadan Law Parental Divorce Guardianship The lacunas and inadequacies present in the provisions with respect to a child's custody in Pakistan are featured in this research paper. It contends that flaws existing in the Guardian and Wards Act of 1890 provide the domestic courts to practice vast discretionary powers while entertaining the litigations related to custody of children, in this manner prompting contrary judgments. This paper contains the perusal of the provisions of the Act of 1890, and the judicial precedents, for the purpose of identifying loopholes and deficiencies. Besides, it also includes what other Islamic and Western developed countries give rights to the children in this matter. Some particular arrangements are proposed to harmonize existing fragmented practices. Other than this, some laws and remedies are proposed, which other developed countries of the world provide, to fill the lacunas and loopholes in the provisions of the Act of 1890 for the wellbeing of children. Humanity Publications Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. LLM, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University of Law (SZABUL), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Associate Liaison Officer, Head Office, Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman)'s Secretariat, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/safeguarding-childrens-rights-ensuring-hearing-and-consent-in-family-cases-postparental-divorce-with-recommendations https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Comparative analysis of Family Laws in Pakistan and Islamic Injuctions in this Regard MFLO Traditionalist Modernist Divorce Ijtihad Commission Child Custody Islamic Law (Fiqh Shariah) Contemporary Laws. No ination ican iever ibe iworthy iof iits iexistence ithat icannot itake iits iwomen ialong iwith ithe imen.”Mohammad iAli iJinnah, iFounder iof iPakistan” (Russell & Catharine, 2007).The ilegal istatus iof iMuslim iwomen,iespecially iin ifamily irelations, ihas ibeen ithe isubject iof iconsiderable iinternational iacademic iand imedia iinterest. iTheiright ito imarital ifreedom iis ia iconstitutional iright iin iPakistan iand idemonstrates ithat iin ia icountry iin iwhichiwomen’s irights iare inotoriously iand ibrutally iviolated, ifemale idivorce irights istand ias ia iray iof i light iamidst ithei“darkness” iof ithe igeneral ilegal istatus iof iPakistani iwomen. iContrary ito ithe iconventional iwisdom iconstruingiIslamic ilaw ias iopposed ito iwomen’s irights, ithe iconstitutionalization iof iIslam iin iPakistan ihas iproven i to ibe i a ipotentitool iin ithe iservice iof iwomen’s iinterests. Humanity Publications 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-family-laws-in-pakistan-and-islamic-injuctions-in-this-regard https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Principles of Sentence Reduction: Escaping Punishment or Administration of Justice? Muhammad Tahir Aeman Khan Zainab Effendi Haqqi White Collar Crime Principle of Sentence Reduction Cheating Public at large Law has impacts on victims and criminals. It is important to analyze its effects and consequences. The research focuses on the principles of sentence reduction in the white-collar crime of cheating public at large collected and organized through study of appeal cases. Often, the convicted appeals for a reduction in sentence.This research aims to highlight those grounds which make the grant or refusal of appeals legally justified, formulate the principles of reduction and analyze their positive and negative effects on the victims and the offenders. It is upon the individual how, according to the circumstance before sight, he implements the derived principles and reaches his individually special conclusion. This research is basically a confined document related to the principle of granting and refusing the reduction in the sentence of criminals for cheating the public at large. Humanity Publications Professor, School of Law, University of Karachi , Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor., Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-principles-of-sentence-reduction-escaping-punishment-or-administration-of-justice https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394876 2023-12-30 glsr

Critical Analysis of Dowry Culture Through the Lens of Dowry-related Laws and Policies in Pakistan Muhammad Usman Ghani Mah Noor Akbar Muneeba Naushahi Dowry Culture Domestic Violence Intimate Violence Socio-Economic Burden Dowry, a stark reality, still haunts the larger part of Pakistani society. Whenever a marriage takes place, the burden to provide dowry falls upon the shoulders of the bride’s parents. This particular study aims to critically evaluate the laws and policies made by the Pakistani state to curb the menace of dowry culture. The qualitative method with a particular focus on descriptive and explorative analysis was used to explore and describe the intricate issue at hand. For this, various national and international surveys, reports along scholarly articles were thoroughly analyzed to find out the underlying causes and their consequences. Until now, not only limited laws have been enacted to deal with dowry as a criminal offense but also enforcing mechanisms have been absent for the existing laws. The findings of this study implore the adoption of dowry-related laws with efficient rules of business for the sake of effective implementation. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Public Administration, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. BS Student, Department of Public Administration, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. BS Student, Department of Public Administration, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/critical-analysis-of-dowry-culture-through-the-lens-of-dowryrelated-laws-and-policies-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Constitutional Framework: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Systems in Pakistan and the United States Shahid Rizwan Comparative Analysis Legal Systems Pakistan United States Constitution means that principles on which state regulate organized and determine relationship through their subjects of states. Constitution may in form of written and unwritten to some extend we can say that Constitution of Pakistan and America are written Constitutions but United Kingdom’s Constitution is unwritten Constitution. Constitution is a comprehensive code which consists on Preamble, introduction, parts that parts consist on chapter and Constitution also define the fundamental right of subjects of state, Principals of polices, mechanism of election and procedure of Amendment into the Constitution by legislation. Judicial Review is of one the impressive and incomparable silent feature of the Constitution. According to this principle no one use Excessive power regarding his authority. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/constitutional-framework-a-comparative-analysis-of-legal-systems-in-pakistan-and-the-united-states https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Managing Pakistan's Criminal Justice System in Linkage with the SDGs: A Thematic Study Syed Arif Hussain Syed Usman Shahid Arfan Ahmed Criminal Justice System Legal Framework Social Justice The primary objective of this study is to examine the manner in which the criminal justice system in Pakistan is influenced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pakistan will be the principal location of focus for the investigation. The primary objective of this research is to examine the compatibility between the Sustainable Development Goals and the laws, procedures and approaches to law enforcement employed by the criminal justice system. One approach to achieve this goal is to calculate the likelihood that the two events will occur simultaneously. The aforementioned agreement structure imparts both favourable and unfavourable consequences with regard to equity, environmental sustainability, and societal justice. An investigation into these influences constitutes the objective of this study. The principal aim of this research endeavour will be to examine the consequences that are linked to this connection. Valuable insights can be derived from research that could potentially be implemented to enhance the criminal justice system in Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD, Department of Criminology, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. PhD, Department of Management Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. PhD, Department of Management Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/managing-pakistans-criminal-justice-system-in-linkage-with-the-sdgs-a-thematic-study https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394956 2023-12-30 glsr

From Barroom to Courtroom, Unraveling the Nexus between Bar Strikes and Barriers in Dispensation of Justice Aisha Rasool Kamran Abdullah Democratic Society Justices Social Fabric Apex Court Bar strikes, organized by legal professionals, disrupt the administration of justice in Pakistan, causing delays in justice delivery. On average, every 4th working day is lost due to strikes. These strikes aim to address grievances and improve working conditions within the legal system. However, their consequences extend beyond the legal community, impacting litigants and the broader social fabric. The Apex Court of Pakistan has directed provincial bar associations to ensure the reputation of the legal profession is not diminished by advocates striking for less significant reasons.(Ali,2012) This research paper explores the root causes, motivations, and grievances behind bar strikes, as well as the legal, ethical, and constitutional perspectives of bar strikes. Humanity Publications Director, Research & Publications, Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Additional Registrar, Appellate Tribunal for Inland Revenue, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/from-barroom-to-courtroom-unraveling-the-nexus-between-bar-strikes-and-barriers-in-dispensation-of-justice https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394982 2023-12-30 glsr

Comparative analysis of Family Laws in Pakistan and Islamic Injuctions in this Regard Muhammad Tahir Muhammad Shahid MFLO Traditionalist Modernist Divorce Ijtihad Commission Child Custody Islamic Law (Fiqh Shariah) Contemporary Laws. “No ination can ever be worthy of its existence that cannot take its women along with the men.” Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Founder of Pakistan” (Russell & Catharine, 2007).The legal status of Muslim women, especially in family relations, has been the subject of considerable international academic and media interest. The right to marital freedom is a constitutional right in Pakistan and demonstrates that in ia country in which women’s rights are notoriously and brutally violated, female divorce rights stand as a ray of light amidst the “darkness” of ithe igeneral legal status of Pakistani women. Contrary to the conventional wisdom construing Islamic law as opposed to women’s rights, the constitutionalization of Islam in Pakistan has proven to be a potent tool in the service of women’s interests. Humanity Publications Professor, School of Law, University of Karachi , Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-family-laws-in-pakistan-and-islamic-injuctions-in-this-regard https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:394934 2024-03-30 glsr

Assessing the Legal Framework for Marine Protected Areas in High Seas: Challenges and Prospects under the UN BBNJ Agreement Aamir Sohail Marine Protected Areas; Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction; the BBNJ Agreement; High Seas Conservation; Marine Biodiversity Oceans, integral to a healthy global ecosystem, are protected partly through marine protected areas (MPAs). Despite numerous MPAs within national jurisdictions, the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) remain significantly neglected. Currently, most MPAs in ABNJ are governed by the OSPAR or CAMLR frameworks, which exhibit substantial deficiencies due to the fragmented state of international laws. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), for instance, offers limited provisions for ABNJ. To address these legislative gaps, negotiations for the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) were initiated, leading to the successful adoption of the BBNJ Agreement in March 2023. This paper critically examines the existing regional treaties overseeing high-seas MPAs and explores the innovative approaches introduced by the BBNJ Agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in ABNJ. The analysis concludes that the BBNJ Agreement provides a more comprehensive and sustainable management framework for high-seas MPAs, thus effectively overcoming the limitations inherent in regional treaties. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Research Institute of Environmental Law, School of Law, Wuhan University, China. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-legal-framework-for-marine-protected-areas-in-high-seas-challenges-and-prospects-under-the-un-bbnj-agreement https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Arduous Journey: Illegal Immigration from Pakistan to the UK Shabana Waheed Muhammad Tahir Atef Jamal Illegal immigration Pakistan UK Challenges Policy Integration Humanitarian Cooperation Illegal immigration from Pakistan to the UK is a complex issue with various factors at play. Societal turmoil, political instability, and economic inequality contribute to the challenges faced by undocumented immigrants upon arrival. These include geographical risks, financial constraints, legal complexities, and social adjustment difficulties. Despite negative impacts such as resource strain and community conflict, undocumented immigrants fill labor gaps and contribute positively to local economies. Governments must address root causes, reform legal frameworks, protect refugee rights, and promote global collaboration. Tightening border control, combating human trafficking, and funding integration programs are crucial steps. Efforts should focus on dialogue, partnership, and affirming the rights of all individuals regardless of legal status. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Associate Professor, Faculty of Law Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education (DIHE), Karachi, Pakistan. Lawyer, Immigration, UK. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-arduous-journey-illegal-immigration-from-pakistan-to-the-uk https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Understanding and Balancing the Freedom of Expression and National Security in Realm of Cyberspace: An Overview of Legislative Framework in Pakistan Farheen Zehra Muhammad Saleem Khan Arshad Nawaz Khan Barriers to Freedom of Speech Cyber Space Laws Limitations National Security and Legislative Framework Freedom of speech and expression is an inherent and indelible freedom that gives liberty so that subjects can express their opinions. Article 19 of Pakistan's 1973 Constitution permits certain restrictions concerning state security. The study aims to explore not only the actual significance of free speech under the umbrella of social media and national security but also the rightful utilization of this constitutional right and discern the necessary conditions for ameliorating limitations imposed on it. Descriptive methodology with case studies and content analysis applied and significance lies in the dearth of research on the reasons behind the misuse of freedom of expression in the context of social media. The findings culminate that freedom of expression is the one way to maintain discipline and efficiency in public administration and concluded with significant recommendations for a noticeable balance between national security imperatives and the preservation of free speech. Humanity Publications LLM Scholar, Intellectual Property Law, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law Wuhan, China . Advocate, Supreme Appellate Court, Gilgit, Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/understanding-and-balancing-the-freedom-of-expression-and-national-security-in-realm-of-cyberspace-an-overview-of-legislative-framework-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395090 2024-03-30 glsr

Human Rights Violation in Pakistan: Causes, Factors, Triggers and Addressing Legislation Badar Jamil Muhammad Tahir Child Maltreatment Pakistan PIHRO Experimental Design Psychological Impact Intervention Strategies Human Welfare Policy Recommendations Blasphemy Law Our study helps in finding the Causes, Factors, and triggers of Human rights violations, we have conducted a survey with a limited Population and also analyzed the Available legislation regarding the topic, we find that there are several causes of Human rights violations, one of the main reason is Social Cohesion, Corruption, and political unrest. Our study also shows the diverse opinions of the candidates whose rights have been violated due to many reasons, although there are available laws that safeguard the rights of the individual still room for better policy making and other is required, the brief overlooks the policy reforms with strengthen the Governmental body is crucial to address and fight the issue. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/human-rights-violation-in-pakistan-causes-factors-triggers-and-addressing-legislation https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395098 2024-03-30 glsr

Provincial Legislation in the Light of the Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment Act: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly Aisha Nosheen Zahid Anwar KP Assembly 18th Amendment Legislative Federal Government Interprovincial The 18th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2010 completely changed Pakistan`s federal system when considerable laws and legislative, executive, and authority for budget management were granted and handed over to provinces. This research investigates the effectiveness of provincial laws in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly through the 18th Amendment. This research also shows the improvement in governance and legislative autonomy and KP's capabilities for managing this devolution of powers. The important laws and legislative measures are highlighted in this research which were carried out after the 18th amendment, with mainly and particular significance on the health care, education system, and local government as well. However, the KP Assembly has significantly exercised its authority and enhanced its legislative power to effectively address regional needs. Despite ongoing challenges and difficulties with interprovincial collaboration, they have managed to achieve this progress. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/provincial-legislation-in-the-light-of-the-eighteenth-constitutional-amendment-act-a-case-study-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-assembly https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395204 2024-03-30 glsr

Maintainability of Writ Jurisdictions in Case of Public Sector Universities in Pakistan: An Appraisal of Master and Servant Doctrine Interpreted by Apex Courts Quaisar Mahmood Farukh Hafiz Aziz-ur-Rehman Writ Jurisdictions Public Sector Universities Master and Servant Doctrine Legislative Framework Higher Education Supreme Court High Court The maintainability of writ jurisdiction in case of public sector universities is actually an accountability mechanism as Public sector universities get public funds in the form of budget support. These public institutions must be answerable before public as they are getting benefit of tax. The writ jurisdiction on the basis of statutory and non-statutory rules has become a bone of contention for university employees. No legislative mechanisms had been provided in post Eighteenth amendment era to address the grievances of university employees, therefore; courts had to fill the gap between Higher Education Institutions and their employees by interpreting the doctrine of Master and Servant sagaciously. There is a dire need to devise an effective & efficient regulatory and legislative framework for higher education sector while taking on board all major stakeholders i.e. Federal Government, Provincial governments, representative of universities, National Finance Commission and Council of Common Interest. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor & Director, School of Law, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/maintainability-of-writ-jurisdictions-in-case-of-public-sector-universities-in-pakistan-an-appraisal-of-master-and-servant-doctrine-interpreted-by-apex-courts https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Preventive Detention in Pakistan Maryam Shahid Mehnaz Begum Iftikhar Ahmad Khan Preventive detention Pakistan AACPR International Human Rights Law International Humanitarian Law Preventive Detention Internment The focus of this article is critical of preventive detention laws in Pakistan, however, with special reference to the Actions In Aid of Civil Power Regulation (AACPR) that was designed to tackle terrorist insurgency in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA). The regulation introduced to contain militancy is profoundly worrying because granted the military broad powers, of detention without trial, amongst others, which could seriously endanger human rights and international law. The article delves into the implications of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL), particularly in the context of preventive detention and internment procedures under the AACPR. It critically reviews potential violations of constitutional guarantees and Pakistan's international human rights obligations. The study fills in a legal gap and proposes reforms in view of the regulation relating to global human rights standards through an analysis of case law and international conventions. Humanity Publications Researcher/LLM Student, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sharia and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Shariah and Law, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/preventive-detention-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Transgender Rights in Pakistan: Navigating Legal Framework, Practices and Challenges Muhammad Fazeel Qasim Shahzad Gill Ghulam Mustafa Transgender Rights Legal Framework Social Practices. Discrimination Gender Identity Analyzing the philosophical foundation and practical realities of the Pakistani experience with transgender rights, this study aims to establish the successes, challenges, and potential directions for development. Over the last few years, the Pakistani legislators have enhanced the legal protection for Transgender Rights to a significant level. A landmark bill passed in 2018, the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act seeks to provide for the protection of the rights of the Trans populace. It would therefore be important to explore the real-life phenomenon of Pakistan's transgender persons, as a way of getting to know the application of the issues translated into real-life context. Regrettably, transgender people face prejudices, abuse, and social and employment ostracism in different settings at work, medical facilities, in their domicile, and in schools. People, and groups, both non-governmental and governmental, are dedicating their efforts towards solving such issues. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/transgender-rights-in-pakistan-navigating-legal-framework-practices-and-challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Demurrage Under Pakistani Law: Legislative Framework, Challenges, and Strategies to Protect Client Interests in Pakistan Siddiqa Nausheen Demurrage Maritime Law International Trade Legislative Framework Cargo Ports Contracts Compensation The word Demurrage itself explains the cost imposed on the consignee or owner of goods for delays beyond the free days which is called lay time in legal terms but due to late clearance and many more related issues shipper and consignee both suffer. Although, the courts of Pakistan grant a stay to the consignee for non-payment of demurrage under section 14-A custom Act yet ignore the fact that the doctrine of privity also operates in contracts, as both the shipper and owner of the goods sign the terms and conditions regarding the payment of demurrage, as in every contract lay time is always provided to the owner of the cargo. However, every cargo owner is not always entitled to a stay on nonpayment. Here the barrier or issue of less trade arises. This article explores the legal framework for Demurrage and the issues involved in its application in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Teacher Associate, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/demurrage-under-pakistani-law-legislative-framework-challenges-and-strategies-to-protect-client-interests-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Rise of Islamophobia in India: Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom of Indian Muslims Robina Khan Maryam Siddique Zafar Abbas Islamophobia Islam Muslims India BJP Government Human Rights This article examines Islamophobia in India and its impact on the human rights and basic liberties of Indian Muslims. Islamophobia is a new form of racism that has grown out of xenophobia, negative profiling, and stereotyping of Muslims. This article focuses upon the current state of Islamophobia, basic liberties, hate speech, discrimination, and violence against Muslims. These acts of prejudice, animosity, and violence against Muslim communities are major infringements on their human rights and a violation of their religious freedom. The BJP has been promoting a number of evil anti-Muslim policies, including discriminatory citizenship laws, the lynching of Muslims on suspicion of consuming or transporting beef and a ban on communal prayers. We conclude that the institutionalisation of Islamophobia through new laws and policies have a negative impact on Muslims’ human rights and religious freedom in India. Similarly, the media in India also promotes Islamophobia. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government College No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-rise-of-islamophobia-in-india-violation-of-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedom-of-indian-muslims https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Hampering Originality: IP Laws in the USA in the Milieu of Generative Artificial Intelligence Zia Ullah Irfan Yabinda Saleem Bakht Munir Generative Artificial Intelligence AI-generated Works AI Authors Intellectual Property Copyrights Artificial Intelligence (AI) is leading to the replacement of human intellect by Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI), which is to be a new norm for redefining artistic and literary works not subject to human authorship. The IP laws, particularly in the USA, haven't proved to be dynamic enough to adapt to this fast-moving change. The existing IP laws seem unfair when seen through the prism of the rationale behind the protection of intellectual property in the wake of generative artificial intelligence. The article develops the argument that intellectual property laws especially copyright laws need to evolve to protect AI-generated works. Existing laws, don't protect AI-generated works on the pretext that a machine cannot have intellectual property rights. The article advocates and develops a rationale as to why copyright protection for AI authors will be inevitable shortly to safeguard the intellectual rights of human authors. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Toppers Law College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. In charge Academics, Toppers Law College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer (PhD in Law), Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/hampering-originality-ip-laws-in-the-usa-in-the-milieu-of-generative-artificial-intelligence https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Towards Sustainable Agriculture: Assessing Plant Variety Protection and Farmers’ Rights in Pakistan Muhammad Mubeen Hafiz Aziz ur Rehman Plant Varieties Legislation Farmers’ Rights Innovations Intellectual Property Rights Pakistan's regulatory framework regarding Plant varieties presents a multifaceted challenge in the preservation of farmers' rights within the spheres of agricultural policy, intellectual property rights (IPRs), and the socio-economic landscape. This inquiry aims to analyze the current state of plant-related legislation in Pakistan, with a particular highlighting on the strategies employed to protect farmers' rights in the background of the rapidly changing global environment of intellectual property and agricultural methodologies. With the dawn of international accords such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS)and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), Pakistan faces the imperative of aligning its domestic legal framework with global standards while ensuring the safeguarding of farmers' rights. The study concludes by recommending reforms at both institutional and policy levels that could strengthen Pakistan's legal framework in the protection of farmers' rights, particularly regarding the safeguarding of plant varieties. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty, School of Law, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty Member, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, School of Law, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/towards-sustainable-agriculture-assessing-plant-variety-protection-and-farmers-rights-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ensuring Shelter for All: Analyzing India's Legal Framework and Policies on Housing for All Shahid Rizwan Baig Lubna Ghulam Sarwar Shelter Urbanization Legal Framework Housing India's rapid urbanization and growing socio-economic inequality have resulted in a severe housing shortage. This study investigates India's legal and policy frameworks concerning housing, focusing on the 'Housing for All' initiative. It examines key legal developments, significant court rulings, and policies like the National Housing & Habitat Policy and the Land Acquisition Act, of 2013. The research highlights the challenges of implementing housing initiatives at municipal, state, and federal levels and evaluates their effectiveness in providing housing to underserved populations. The study underscores the importance of a robust and inclusive legal framework to achieve housing for all, suggesting that access to adequate and affordable housing is crucial for addressing India's housing crisis and ensuring social equity. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Graduate College for Women, Ali Pur Chattha, Wazirabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/ensuring-shelter-for-all-analyzing-indias-legal-framework-and-policies-on-housing-for-all https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Case Backlog Crisis in Pakistan’s Courts: Structural Failure or Administrative Inefficiency? Kamran Abdullah Case Backlog Judicial Efficiency Pakistan Courts Case Flow Management Judge Vacancies E-Justice Rule of Law The backlog of cases pending in the Pakistani court system is a major failure to the rule of law, economic confidence, and parsimonious provision of rights. The present paper examines the nature of the backlog crisis, asking whether it is a structural failure (capacity and legal architecture) or an administrative failure (case flow and operational management). The research employs mixed-method design as it examines the official judicial data on pendency, institution, and disposal on court tiers and provinces and is integrated with the measures of judge strength and vacancies with qualitative aspect from the practitioner. The findings indicate that backlog is concentrated within the District Judiciary which bore approximately 82.9% of end-2016 pendency, signifying that the trial-level structural bottleneck exists. This paper concludes that the backlog crisis in Pakistan can be viewed as structural limits reinforced by administrative dispersion and needs to be solved through a series of reforms. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Shariah and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/case-backlog-crisis-in-pakistans-courts-structural-failure-or-administrative-inefficiency https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Role of Judicial Activism in the Enforcement of Human Rights in Pakistan and its Impacts on Governance in Pakistan Lubna Ghulam Sarwar Mian M Azhar Mirza Shahid Rizwan Baig Governance Human Rights Judicial Activism Accountability Rule of Law This study examines how judicial activism impacts governance in Pakistan after the lawyer's movement with a focus on its effect on human rights, the rule of law, and accountability. The study uses mixed techniques to examine Supreme Court decisions and interventions that demonstrate the judiciary's role in protecting civil liberties and checking executive powers. Apex Court's activism on extrajudicial killings forced disappearances, and gender discrimination has advanced human rights, according to the findings. The research also shows how the judiciary has strengthened the rule of law by upholding and enforcing legal principles fairly, boosting public faith in legal institutions. The research also notes that alleged judicial overreach has caused problems between the legislative and executive branches due to the courts' wide interpretations of their authority. This detailed analysis highlights the delicate balance between judicial interventions and democratic government.  Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Political Science, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of Law, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-judicial-activism-in-the-enforcement-of-human-rights-in-pakistan-and-its-impacts-on-governance-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Role of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in Protecting Medical Personnel and Civilians in Non-International Armed Conflicts: Focusing on the Syrian Conflict Mehnaz Begum Nouman Ijaz Muhammad Umair International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Syrian Conflict Medical Personnel Protection Civilian Protection Geneva Conventions Accountability Mechanisms Non-State Actors The 2011-started Syrian conflict has become among the most extensive humanitarian disasters in current times. The current study investigates how International Humanitarian Law protects medical staff and population groups throughout the Syrian conflict which constitutes a non-international armed conflict (NIAC). Since the legal foundation known as Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols came into effect neither government forces nor rebel parties playing in Syria have prevented IHL violations resulting in major incidents targeting medical facilities and chemical weapons deployment and attacks on civilians. The paper analyzes both the available legal safeguards from IHL while exploring the difficulties organizations face in enforcing those protections across multiple conflicting parties and their collaborations with the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross. This analysis reveals restrictions of international justice organizations such as the International Criminal Court because of political roadblocks paired with jurisdictional constraints when assisting IHL violations. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sharia and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Independent Researcher & Advocate, Lower Court, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Global Policy & Research Institute (GloPRI), Glasgow, Scotland, UK. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-international-humanitarian-law-ihl-in-protecting-medical-personnel-and-civilians-in-noninternational-armed-conflicts-focusing-on-the-syrian-conflict https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Derivative Litigation and Corporate Governance: A Problem of Abusive Proceedings Aamir Abbas Muhammad Babar Shaheen Muhammad Waqas Sarwar Derivative Litigation Corporate Governance Abusive Proceedings Unethical Practices It has been argued in this article that endeavours to improve corporate governance should be diverted to change the perception of corporate law. Managerial unethical practices are dealt with  corporate governance strategies; rather, they should be addressed by empowering shareholders to initiate proceedings against errant directors, who are primarily accountable to shareholders. Derivative litigation is not only a useful tool to recover losses caused by the directors to companies, but it may also serve as a deterrent against managerial wrongdoings. However, derivative ligation may lead to abusive proceedings in some circumstances where some opportunistic shareholders may use this very kind of private enforcement mechanism to achieve their bad motives and private gains. This issue can be addressed by allowing only merit-based litigation through screening and filtration of valuable litigation, which could serve the larger interest of the corporations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/derivative-litigation-and-corporate-governance-a-problem-of-abusive-proceedings https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:glsrjournal.com:395889 2024-09-30 glsr

Why Pakistan’s Anti-Torture Law Isn’t Working: A Study of Legal and Institutional Failures Since 2022 Ahmad Nawaz Pakistan Torture Custodial Violence Police Impunity Rule of Law Institutional Failure Human Rights FIA NCHR 2022 Anti-Torture Act The paper explores why the Torture and Custodial Death(Prevention and Punishment) Act, 2022, in Pakistan has failed to significantly reduce custodial torture. Despite the fact that the failure of the Act is not a coincidence but an institutional problem, this study proposes that, through qualitative examination of the text of the law, institutional requirements, and evidence of the Act following 2022, this failure is structural. It lies on the basis of critical failures in legislation, active under-armament and misalignment of law enforcement agencies such as the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) and National Commission on Human Rights (NCHR), and a deeply rooted culture of impunity in law enforcement enjoyed by political elites that is not easily broken. The paper will conclude that as long as these interconnected legal, institutional, and political hurdles are not overcome, the 2022 Act will become a mere symbol, as opposed to a practical instrument of justice. Humanity Publications Bachelors of Laws (LLB), University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://glsrjournal.com/article/why-pakistans-antitorture-law-isnt-working-a-study-of-legal-and-institutional-failures-since-2022 https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2024(IX-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Legal Studies Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan